Income: Doctors enjoy monopolistic pricing and practices and earn more than their overseas counterparts, with net salaries ranging from $1.3 million to $2.3 million per year. They make seven times other professionals, compared to a ratio of 4.5 in the US.

Prescription: Over-prescription of antibiotics is common. Nine out of 10 patients suffering nose and throat infections are given antibiotics, usually for only two to three days instead of the full course. Doctors have an incentive to sell drugs to patients.

Quality assurance: There is no mechanism to assure quality of services in the private sector.