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Language point

1. With music and gaming already well established with millions of mobile phone users around the world . . .

2. As a first step, many plan to hedge their bets by making short one-to-two-minute-long spin-offs from well-known TV soaps and reality shows such as Big Brother and the X-Factor . . .

3. It's best to start out using well-established content in the first phase . . .

4. Certain programmes, such as comedy and lifestyle - trends in fashion, cooking and gardening - are also well suited . . .

Notice how the four examples use the word 'well', but some are followed by a hyphen while others are not. Well, the answer is that in 2 and 3, a noun follows ('TV soaps and reality shows' in 2 and 'content' in 3), whereas in 1 and 4, none does.

The rule is that when it acts as an adjective ('well-known' in 2 and 'well-established' in 3) with a noun following it, a hyphen is required. In 1 and 4, 'well' is an adverb and the word that follows ('established' in 1 and 'suited' in 4) is a verb, and no hyphen is needed.

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