Fee: 20 yuan.

Card type: 'Smart' card with embedded computer chip.

Compliance measures: Rented flats to be coded, and migrants' addresses checked against them. Landlords will have to tell migrant tenants to apply for residency cards and will be told to report them to the police if they fail to comply.

Old temporary resident permit

Who had to apply? Migrant workers staying in Shenzhen for more than two months.

Validity: One year.

Fee: 300 yuan before 2002, 15 yuan after June 2002.

Card type: paper.

Compliance measures: Migrants had to carry the temporary resident permits at all times for inspection by police; those who failed to do so could face repatriation.