Fonterra's dominance of milk under threat

Milk powder buyers in mainland China are starting to cut their reliance on New Zealand's Fonterra, opening the way for US and European firms to break the dairy giant's grip on an infant milk formula market set to double to US$25 billion by 2017.

Mainland drinks maker Want Want has said it plans to reduce imports to diversify its supply chain, and at least two multinational infant formula sellers have cut supply from Fonterra or plan to diversify supply for the China market, said industry sources.

A drought in New Zealand earlier this year curbed milk powder production, highlighting the risk of over-reliance on one supplier. Those concerns escalated in August when Fonterra said it had found a potentially fatal bacteria in one of its products, triggering recalls of infant milk formula and sports drinks in several markets, including China. Tests later revealed the initial finding was incorrect.

"They know they're reliant on 80 per cent of their imported milk powder from one place - and 80 per cent of that from one company. That's just not a healthy position to be in," said William Baker, a Beijing-based investment professional who focuses on the Chinese dairy industry.

The mainland's appetite for foreign milk powder has soared in recent years, spurred by distrust in local products since a scandal in 2008 when milk laced with the industrial chemical melamine killed six infants and made thousands more ill.

Fonterra said it was normal that some customers would look around for other supply options. "It's not so much that they're wanting to diversify, it's that they know that if they're growing faster than we are, they're going to have to see volumes of product coming out of Europe and the US to fill what would be a supply gap," said Tim Deane, director of global sales at Fonterra.