Constitutional rule can spur a Chinese renaissance
Winston Mok looks at the economic and social benefits it will bring
There have been heated debates in the mainland media about constitutional rule. Constitutional rule starts with the implementation of the Chinese constitution, the substance of which few would dispute, as affirmed by President Xi Jinping on the 30th anniversary of the 1982 constitution. Yet, many of the rights of citizens and limitations on the state - enshrined in the constitution - have yet to be put into practice.
Constitutional rule would make China a stronger nation with compelling benefits. Here are just some.
First, it would stem emigration and attract returnees. Most of China's rich have obtained, or plan to get, foreign passports. The elite with the best knowledge of the mainland system have limited confidence in one without constitutional rule, and many of them leave. With constitutional rule, this exodus could be arrested. China can achieve its aspiration of a renaissance only if it can retain top talent.
Second, it would pave the way for reunification with Taiwan. Despite closer cross-strait economic integration, the prospect is getting ever more distant, as the two societies have evolved in divergent ways. The overtures by the mainland to Taiwan to build a bridge or tunnel linking the two have not been warmly received. More than tunnels, it is systems and values that will build bridges.
Third, it would promote innovation and economic development. Mainland leaders recognise that innovation is the key to sustainable economic development. Yet innovation is impeded without a secure legal environment. One leading Peking University professor has said that "the biggest constraint on the spirit of enterprise among China's businessmen is the power of the government".
Constitutional rule is not incompatible with socialism, as some have claimed
Fourth, it would strengthen the rule of the central government. China's rapid economic growth has been driven by regional dynamism with a high degree of local autonomy. Premier Li Keqiang has pledged to delegate more power to the regions. But if decentralising goes too far, Beijing may risk losing control. It would be prudent to devolve more authority to the regions only with proper checks and balances. Thus, constitutional rule is a most effective way for Beijing to keep the regions in check.