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Opinion | Once comrades and brothers, China and Vietnam are going their own way down the socialist path

Cary Huang says bilateral relations may become complicated over very different readings of Marxist orthodoxy, creating further suspicion and distrust, especially in the political arena

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President Xi Jinping welcomes Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc to Beijing on September 13. Photo: Xinhua

They are two among only a handful of nations to have survived the worldwide collapse of socialism in the 1990s.

But their common bond with Karl Marx does not always extend to bilateral relations. However, as President Xi Jinping (習近平) told visiting Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc last week: “The communist leadership and socialist system are our greatest common strategic interests.”

Their common interests may far outweigh differences if they adopt pragmatism in diplomacy, as Xi has also suggested.

Can China’s charm offensive mend its fractured ties with communist neighbour Vietnam?

Bilateral relations between the neighbours, once “both comrades and brothers” as late Vietnamese leader Ho Chi Minh put it, have been turbulent, despite their common socialist background. Mutual suspicion and distrust go back a long way, to before the birth of communism.

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China has dominated Vietnam four times in the past 2,000 years, since Emperor Qin Shi Huang expanded his newly united China into northern Vietnam. For a long time, Chinese rulers more or less exercised suzerainty over a Vietnamese client kingdom, until 1884 when the French became the new colonial masters in Southeast Asia. Despite China’s critical support of Hanoi in the war against the US-backed Saigon regime, relations have not proved any smoother than those with their respective non-communist neighbours. Even during the cold war, Vietnamese communists were walking a tightrope amid the rivalry between the two communist big brothers – Beijing and Moscow.

Vietnam’s Communist Party chief’s visit to White House ‘rich in symbolism’

In 1979, China and Vietnam fought a short but fierce border war. And their territorial dispute in the South China Sea has triggered several nationalist protests and riots against Chinese in Vietnam.
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