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China economy
Opinion

Now, China must come clean about its national economic data

Tom Rafferty welcomes the recent admissions by Chinese regional officials that figures were inflated in the past, but says the crackdown needs to be even more rigorous to include national-level data

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A mural in a town in Guantao county in Hebei province. Recent admissions that some regional economic data was falsified also raise questions about the reliability of national-level economic figures. Photo: Xinhua
Tom Rafferty
China’s provinces have started to admit they have been exaggerating economic data. These confessions are welcome in that they get us closer to a truer understanding of the health of the Chinese economy. However, there are reasons to doubt how thoroughly the data cleaning will be implemented and whether the central authorities will – as they should – also concede to problems with the national-level figures.
The admission of data falsification by Liaoning last year and in recent weeks by Inner Mongolia and Tianjin will have come as little surprise for observers of China’s economy. Suspicions have been cast for years on the veracity of local economic data, with the evaluation system for regional officials having provided them with powerful incentives to present polished figures. Punishments for data manipulation under Chinese law are light and rarely enforced.

The scale of the revisions is nevertheless revealing. Liaoning acknowledged inflating fiscal data by an average of 20 per cent a year in 2011-14, while coal-rich Inner Mongolia has reduced the 2016 figures it previously published for fiscal revenue and industrial output by 25 per cent and 40 per cent respectively.

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Tianjin went further still, with its main development zone slashing its previously reported gross domestic product for 2016 by one-third. This shows the extraordinary growth rates recorded by Tianjin in recent years – real GDP rose by an average of 14 per cent a year in 2002-16, propelling it to the highest GDP per capita in the country – to have been at least partially illusory.

Others among China’s 31 provinces and regions on the mainland are likely to follow suit.

Arithmetic with Chinese characteristics, where the sum of the parts is greater than the whole

A woman takes a photo on an overpass in the central business district in Beijing on January 19. Driving the crackdown on local data inflation is Beijing’s desire to have more accurate figures to shape economic policy decision-making. Photo: AFP
A woman takes a photo on an overpass in the central business district in Beijing on January 19. Driving the crackdown on local data inflation is Beijing’s desire to have more accurate figures to shape economic policy decision-making. Photo: AFP

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