Charlton Heston, Sophia Loren
Anthony Mann

In the 1960s, when cinematic achievement was measured in the gargantuan proportions of swollen spectacles and inflated budgets, heroes both mythical and real had their tales told on film. From ancient Roman emperors and biblical tales, to colonial British officers and Russian revolution physicians, audiences couldn't get enough.

These mammoth biopics included the tale of Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar, a 10th-century Spanish knight better known to his followers as El Cid. When Vivar shows leniency to two Muslim Moors, he's labelled a hero to the fair but a traitor to the cause. Across its three-hour running time, we follow El Cid (played by Charlton Heston) through exile, wars, clashes of religion and culture, and most important to him, the capricious feelings of his beloved Jimena (Sophia Loren).

came at that midpoint in the "epic film" subgenre, when production companies were willing to pay for a chance to pull the lever on Hollywood's slot machine. Other efforts such as and with their overblown pageantry, might have bombed, but became a success by focusing squarely on the moral conquests and truthful loves of its lead character.

Much of that direction is due to Anthony Mann, a studio-system filmmaker with a firm authorial vision. Throughout his career, Mann adapted his genre sensibilities to the changing tastes of fickle audiences, but each change was accompanied by influential filming and storytelling techniques, alongside discreet appraisals of the zeitgeist.