Children with mental health disorders are three times more likely to be bullies, according to new research, highlighting the importance of providing psychological support not only to victims but the bullies as well. The study, presented at an American Academy of Pediatrics conference, involved nearly 64,000 children in the US aged six to 17. Using data provided by the parents and guardians on the mental health and bullying of the children, 15.2 per cent of them were identified as bullies. A sub-analysis by type of mental health disorders found that children diagnosed as depressed were three times more likely to bully, while a diagnosis of Oppositional Defiant Disorder was associated with a six-fold increase in the odds of being identified as a bully.
Just 20 minutes of exposure to heavy concentrations of second-hand smoke causes near immediate harm to the airways, a study by the University of Athens and the Hellenic Cancer Society in Greece and the Harvard School of Public Health has found. Fifteen healthy participants were exposed to heavily concentrated smoke particulates in an exposure chamber - simulating a bar or moving car - for 20 minutes. During this time, measurements were taken of the participants' respiratory movements. There was a significant and immediate impact on airways, including increased airway impedance and resistance. Participants showed no clinical signs or feelings of discomfort. Lead researcher Dr Panagiotis Behrakis, of the University of Athens, believes secondhand smoking is the "most widespread form of violence exerted on children and workers on a global level" and "needs to be recognised as a "human rights violation".