World not running out of oil just yet, BP claims
Chief executive blasts peak oil theories as ‘groundless’, confident that countries will rush to tap carbon-emitting unconventional fuel
Warnings that the world is headed for "peak oil"- when oil supplies decline after reaching the highest rates of extraction - appear "increasingly groundless", BP's chief executive said last week.
Bob Dudley's remarks came as the company published a study predicting that oil production would increase substantially, and that unconventional and high-carbon oil would make up all of the increase in global oil supply to the end of this decade, with the explosive growth of shale oil in the United States behind much of the growth.
As a result, the oil and gas company forecasts that carbon dioxide emissions will rise by more than one-quarter by 2030 - a disaster, according to scientists, because if the world is to avoid dangerous climate change, then studies suggest emissions must peak in the next three years or so.
So-called unconventional oil - shale oil, tar sands and biofuels - are the most controversial forms of the fuel because they are much more carbon-intensive than oilfields. They require large amounts of energy and water, and have been linked to serious environmental damage.
While some new conventional oilfields are likely to come on stream before 2020, they will be balanced out by those being depleted.
British Petroleum predicts that by 2030, the United States will be self-sufficient in energy, with only 1 per cent coming from imports, the company's analysts predict. That would be a remarkable turnaround for a country that as recently as 2005, before the shale gas boom, was one of the biggest global oil importers.
As the US becomes self-sufficient, however, China and India will soak up the excess production and become increasingly reliant on imports of energy, BP's annual Outlook report found.
BP also predicts that by 2030, at least 70 per cent of global emissions will come from countries now classed as developing, with major implications for international climate policy.
Dudley said the report showed that peak oil was not going to happen any time soon.
"The outlook shows the degree to which once-accepted wisdom has been turned on its head. Fears over oil running out - to which BP has never subscribed - appear increasingly groundless. The US will not be increasingly dependent on energy imports, with energy set to reinvigorate its economy. And China and India are expected to need a lot more imports to keep growing," he said.
BP's projections confirm some of those made by the International Energy Agency, which late last year forecast that the US would be the world's biggest oil producer by the final years of this decade, surpassing Saudi Arabia and countries under the oil-producing cartel Opec.
The shale gas boom of the past five years took the US by surprise. Gas prices there have plunged and electricity production is shifting fast from coal to gas-fired power stations. This has had a huge effect on all parts of the US economy, and is changing politics globally.
While gas prices have plunged in the US, to about US$2 a unit, they have remained high elsewhere around the world, at over US$10 in Europe, as the US lacks exportation infrastructure and domestic demand has soaked up the supply. Cheap energy will make US manufacturers more competitive, which is worrying many European rivals.
Falling gas prices in the US have also encouraged shale companies to explore shale oil as well as gas, which will make for upheaval in the oil market. The success of US shale has prompted other countries to scramble to exploit their own resources.
While the use of shale gas could cut greenhouse gas emissions in the US, the coal not being burned in its power stations is now being used increasingly in other countries.
Christof Ruhl, chief economist at BP Group, said other countries could mimic the US in shale only if they put the right conditions in place: "'Above-ground' factors such as a strong and competitive service sector, land access facilitated by private ownership, liquid markets and favourable regulatory terms".
BP also forecast that global energy demand would continue to increase at an average of 2 per cent a year to 2020 and then by 1.3 per cent a year to 2030.
Almost all of this demand growth is forecast to come from currently developing economies, with China and India alone responsible for half the increase in demand. The company expects low-carbon fuels - nuclear, hydroelectricity and other forms of renewables - will take only a 6 per cent to 7 per cent share each of the global energy market.
