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SCMP Reporter

Will 2018 be the year that war breaks out in North Korea? In 2017, the hermit state’s nuclear crisis escalated to its highest level in decades.
Reflecting the seriousness of the past 12 months’ events, Beijing’s advisers recently urged it to prepare for war that could come to the Korean peninsula as early as 2018.
So far, there is no sign the crisis can be reversed.
In the concluding year, Pyongyang fired some 23 missiles in 16 tests. In September, it conducted its sixth and largest nuclear weapons test, notwithstanding the pressure of strict United Nations sanctions.
Waiting game for North Korean workers in China as shutdown deadline looms
Punitive moves have included stronger measures by China, the North’s greatest trading partner and ostensible ally, amid loud calls by the US for Beijing to “do more” to curb North Korean aggression.
As the North Korean crisis tops the agenda in Sino-US relations, dealing with the issue has tested the two countries’ complex relationship.

Pushing for harsher sanctions against North Korea, US President Donald Trump fired off salvoes on Twitter accusing China of failing to help Washington contain Pyongyang’s aggression. The first UN Security Council sanctions under the Trump administration came in June with China’s help, targeting Chinese companies’ financial ties to North Korean missile and nuclear programmes.
‘North Korea is a time bomb’: government advisers urge China to prepare for war
Later that month, the US slapped deeper unilateral sanctions on Chinese individuals, a bank and companies. One of the targeted firms told the South China Morning Post that it no longer did business in North Korea.
China also supported a UN resolution that seeks to ban nearly 90 per cent of refined petroleum product exports to North Korea on Friday.




Beijing bristled at the pressure from Washington. Saying all sides needed to work towards a solution, China’s foreign ministry championed the dual suspension of North Korea’s nuclear programmes and US-South Korea military drills.
In February, China said it would suspend all coal shipments from the isolated kingdom, one of North Korea’s top exports to China. Chinese imports of North Korean goods continued to decline, causing Chinese traders along the border to feel the pinch.


Despite these measures, Pyongyang continued its series of missile tests, including the successful launch of its first intercontinental ballistic missile in July. Talk of military options increased, as analysts predicted developments would escalate “right to the brink” before China and the US could effectively come together.
Donald Trump dismisses Chinese diplomacy with North Korea as having ‘no impact on Little Rocket Man’
China announced sweeping new sanctions against North Korea in August, expanding the restrictions to include iron, iron ore and seafood. The Post obtained customs data showing plummeting Chinese exports of electricity and oil and gas products to North Korea, even as food exports such as corn and bananas surged substantially. On the flip side, North Korea exported more garments to China as Beijing’s coal ban took its toll.
Do luxury food imports point to a stronger North Korean economy?


North Korean businesses in China, such as restaurants, have been ordered to shut down; North Korean workers in China are supposed to be sent home next month after the Chinese government ordered all North Korean businesses to shut down within 120 days from September 11.
That was the date the UN Security Council imposed a new round of sanctions against Pyongyang over its repeated ballistic missile and nuclear tests.
Even so, several analysts doubted the moves would stop North Korea’s continued march towards having nuclear weapons.


Later in August, Beijing banned new joint ventures with North Korea, in line with UN sanctions. Analysts said China’s government was likely to support more sanctions on Pyongyang, including on crucial oil exports, although it would be careful not to push its historical ally to the point of regime collapse.
Chinese bank banned from operating in US over North Korea ties
The chilling effect on China’s relationship with North Korea was palpable. China’s air force staged drills over the Yellow and East seas near the Korean peninsula. Meanwhile, analysts interpreted naval drills in the Yellow Sea as a “warning” to both North Korea and the US.

The Sino-North Korean Friendship Bridge across the Yalu River – a route for 80 per cent of trade between the countries – was suspended for what officials described as temporary maintenance activity. Tour operators stopped offering trips to North Korea.
Chinese air force holds drills in ‘new routes and areas’ near Korean peninsula
Officials indicated China would end student exchanges to the reclusive state; and geologists warned their North Korean counterparts of consequences if an underground nuclear test site were to collapse.
In November, President Xi Jinping sent a top envoy, Song Tao, to visit North Korea.




But the diplomat’s apparent failure to meet with Kim was described by analysts as a “snub” to Beijing. Days later, Pyongyang conducted another missile test, after which China’s top diplomat Wang Yi spoke with “regret” about the increasing regional tensions.
As the US remains steadfast in its refusal to take military options off the table, its military has increased communications with its Chinese counterpart.

Uncertainty and concern continue to loom over the Korean peninsula. While Beijing has repeatedly said it will not allow war or chaos in the area, officials and scholars have quietly suggested the country should ready itself for a worst-case scenario.
Chinese analysts also acknowledge that Beijing is losing control over its neighbour and former ally.
Chinese living on North Korean border told to prepare for nuclear disaster by state newspaper
Raising the alarm for many, residents of Jilin, a northeastern province bordering North Korea and Russia, were told on December 6 in a full-page newspaper announcement to prepare for nuclear disaster.
Chinese scientists have also warned about the possibility of an implosion of the Punggye-ri test site not far from the North Korea-China border, posing a potential nuclear disaster for Jilin.


North Korea’s Kim reveals soldiers cleared mines for Russia, in rare public statement

Why South Korea is powerless to revive Trump-Kim nuclear talks

Is China changing tack and accepting North Korea as a nuclear-armed state?

North Korean air force to gain ‘strategic assets’ amid heightened tensions in peninsula

North Korea nuclear crisis

Will 2018 see war in North Korea? Chances soar after year of tumult

People walk in front of a monitor showing news of North Korea's latest missile launch in Tokyo in August. Photo: Reuters

China's army released details about the naval drill in the Yellow Sea. Pictures are released by China National Radio. 07AUG17. Handout.

Elementary school students hide under desks during an evacuation drill in the Sea of Japan coastal city of Wajima on Aug. 30, 2017, in the wake of repeated missile launches by North Korea. Similar drills have been held across the nation since March. (Kyodo) ==Kyodo

This undated picture released by North Korea's official Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) on September 3, 2017 shows North Korean leader Kim Jong-Un (C) looking at a metal casing with two bulges at an undisclosed location. North Korea has developed a hydrogen bomb which can be loaded into the country's new intercontinental ballistic missile, the official Korean Central News Agency claimed on September 3. Questions remain over whether nuclear-armed Pyongyang has successfully miniaturised its weapons, and whether it has a working H-bomb, but KCNA said that leader Kim Jong-Un had inspected such a device at the Nuclear Weapons Institute. / AFP PHOTO / KCNA VIA KNS / STR / South Korea OUT / REPUBLIC OF KOREA OUT ---EDITORS NOTE--- RESTRICTED TO EDITORIAL USE - MANDATORY CREDIT "AFP PHOTO/KCNA VIA KNS" - NO MARKETING NO ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS - DISTRIBUTED AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS THIS PICTURE WAS MADE AVAILABLE BY A THIRD PARTY. AFP CAN NOT INDEPENDENTLY VERIFY THE AUTHENTICITY, LOCATION, DAT

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Beijing’s advisers have urged it to prepare for conflict as early as next year


North Korea

Will 2018 see war in North Korea? Chances soar after year of tumult

.css-1c6uqr6{color:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-size:inherit;font-family:inherit;line-height:inherit;overflow-wrap:break-word;}Beijing’s advisers have urged it to prepare for conflict as early as next year

Beijing’s advisers have urged it to prepare for conflict as early as next year