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Jessie Lau

Cybersecurity
Cybersecurity is one of the main tensions between the two countries, with the United States accusing China of waging an online campaign to steal business information and trade secrets, a claim China denies. The US put sanctions against China over the alleged cybercrimes on the back burner prior to the visit.
Outcomes: China and the US pledged to not commit or knowingly support cybertheft, yet US President Barack Obama said penalties against companies or individuals remained on the table.
The two agreed to establish a mechanism for dialogue, creating a hotline between officials in both countries. The talks will take place twice a year, with the first meeting later this year.

Climate change
Both countries are dedicated to combating global warming. China, the world’s biggest emitter of carbon dioxide, is struggling to deal with the mounting affects of pollution at home. The two pledged last year to work towards a new global climate change agreement that will be discussed at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris in December.
Outcomes: The two countries issued a joint statement committing to cut greenhouse gas emissions, and plan to create new fuel standards for heavy-duty vehicles by 2019.
China announced plans to launch a national emissions trading system in 2017 to force industries to buy pollution credits, as well as restrict public funds for high-carbon projects and promote “green power dispatch”. Xi also pledged US$3.1 billion to help developing countries curb emissions.

Economy
China’s faltering economy and perceived slow progress on market reforms are major concerns for global investors worried about its openness to foreign competition. The nation drastically devalued its currency in August, sending waves through global markets. The US and China have exchanged revised offers for a bilateral investment treaty.
Outcomes: China said it would avoid devaluing the yuan against the US dollar and continue to accelerate market reforms. The US said it would support the yuan’s addition as a reserve currency for the International Monetary Fund’s special drawing rights if China met IMF requirements and worked towards reforms.
Watch: China's president seeks to reassure US CEOs, politicians

South China Sea
China’s development of artificial islands and military infrastructure in the South China Sea – an area over which it claims territorial sovereignty – has caused considerable concern from neighbouring countries and put pressure on the US to address the conflict.
Outcomes: Xi promised to respect freedom for navigation in the sea but insisted its claims were legitimate and it had the right to uphold its sovereignty. Obama called for a peaceful resolution to the tensions in the area.

Read more: Full coverage of Xi Jinping's US trip
Human Rights
The US is a long-standing critic of China’s human rights record and restrictions on freedom of expression. Since July, China has detained and arrested at least 286 lawyers and human rights activists, prompting global outrage.
Outcomes: Obama sharply criticised China’s crackdown on journalists, NGOs, lawyers, churches and ethnic minorities. Xi said human rights and democracy were important pursuits, but that reforms would proceed in time with China’s timetable.



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China, the world’s biggest emitter of carbon dioxide, is struggling to deal with the mounting affects of pollution at home. Photo: AP

China’s faltering economy and perceived slow progress on market reforms are major concerns for global investors. Photo: Reuters

China and the US have now pledged to not commit or knowingly support cybertheft. Photo: SCMP Pictures

An investor sits in front of an electronic board showing stock information at a brokerage house in Beijing of Friday. China experienced a market crash this summer amid its ongoing economic slowdown. Photo: Reuters

Attendees listen to a speaker during the Moral Action on Climate Justice rally in Washington, D.C. on Thursday. Photo: Bloomberg

Staff members of China's Hainan Maritime Safety Administration work on a seaplane during a patrol in the South China Sea. Photo: Xinhua

A protester shouts during a pro-Tibet march as Chinese President Xi Jinping attends events nearby in Seattle, Washington. Photo: Reuters

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