China races to beat gas supply crunch as big chill and Lunar New Year loom
Authorities tap sources at home and as far afield as Angola ahead of expected heating spike over the holidays
China is pulling in ships from all over to avoid a natural gas supply squeeze ahead of another cold snap and as the world’s most populous nation prepares for Lunar New Year celebrations.
Fuel demand in January and February typically slows as temperatures improve compared with the busiest month, December, but data suggests this year could buck the trend.
Another cold wave is about to hit North Asia, and the Lunar New Year takes place later than usual this year in mid-February.
To ensure supplies before the longest holiday in the Chinese calendar, some 60 ships carrying more than 4 million tonnes of LNG are on their way to China this month, the third highest total behind December’s 5.1 million and November’s 4.36 million tonnes, according to shipping data in Thomson Reuters Eikon.
The shipments are coming from unusual origins – Equatorial Guinea and Angola in Africa, Peru in South America, and Trinidad and Tobago – and several are also coming from the United States.
“The Chinese have bought loads of short-term delivery cargoes to meet an expected spike in demand,” the head of LNG trading at a major fuel merchant based in Singapore said.
Domestic producers are also churning out more gas. China’s December gas output was the highest since at least 2014, with state energy majors boosting operations at key gas fields like Changqing and Fuling.
With temperatures in Beijing set to drop as low as minus 15 Celsius (5 Fahrenheit) this week, heating demand will soar and authorities want to avoid a repeat of December’s chaos, which saw serious supply shortages.
Maintaining stability is a main priority for the Communist Party, particularly ahead of and during the annual festive.
The rush for supply comes after Beijing ordered millions of households and some industrial plants in northern China to change to gas heating from coal as part of its war on pollution.
The resulting jump in demand as well as inadequate storage and pipeline networks created a supply crunch late last year, leaving homes freezing.
“This year, we have a surge in residential and commercial demand,” said Miaoru Huang of energy consultancy Wood Mackenzie.
The crisis eased over the past month after the government ordered big gas users like fertiliser makers to suspend operations to move supplies north, and reversed a ban on coal heating for some cities.
Asian spot LNG prices are at their highest in more than three years, at almost US$12 per million British thermal units, as buyers across North Asia order tankers in preparation for the cold snap.
The urgency for gas has lifted Chinese prices by 15-18 per cent within a week to 6,650 yuan (US$1,039.87) per tonne.
This had also cut into industrial use, said Li Ruipeng, a manager at trucked-LNG dealer Tangshan Huapu Gas based in Tangshan, a city in northern China’s Hebei province.
Customers like steelmakers have stopped operations or switched to coal, as they cannot afford the higher LNG prices.
“We’re only serving for heating purposes and gas refilling stations. Industrial users are out,” said Li, who doesn’t expect industrial demand to recover until after the Lunar New Year.
