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Stephen Chen

An unprecedented space exploration project by top scientists and technopreneurs is developing ­unmanned “nanocraft” capable of travelling 160 million km/h to reach the nearest star system in just 20 years, British physicist Stephen Hawking and tech guru Yuri ­Milner announce today.
The Breakthrough Starshot project – which will receive US$100 million worth of research funding – is aimed at revolutionising science and space exploration, the South China Morning Post has learnt.
INFOGRAPHIC: Hello, neighbour
The project is led by former Nasa Ames Research Centre director Peter Worden and overseen by a board that includes Hawking, Milner and Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg.
Watch: What is Alpha Centauri?

Its mission is to reach Alpha Centauri – the closest star system to the earth’s that is some 4.3 light years (40 trillion kilometres) away – within a generation.
The Post was one of just a few select media agencies to be briefed on the details of the ambitious project before the ­announcement.
Space odyssey to Alpha Centauri: Where no man has gone before ... except in the movies and books
Today’s fastest spacecraft would take 30,000 years to get to Alpha Centauri. To cut the time to just 20 years, the Breakthrough Starshot team plans to build small, unmanned probes that can carry cameras, power supplies and navigation and communications equipment while still weighing less than a smartphone.

The so-called “nanocraft”, powered by laser, will travel at ­almost 20 per cent the speed of light at 160 million km/h.
Advances in nanotechnology – that can produce super metamaterials just a few hundred atoms thick – had made it possible to create such tiny space probes, the Post was told.
Thousands of these nanocraft will be fired towards Alpha Centauri. After a 20-year journey, it would take at least another four years for the probes to transmit data and images gathered in the star system back to earth.
Lift-off: British scientist Stephen Hawking’s Chinese social media account gets 800,000 followers in four hours
US space agency Nasa’s first probe, the Voyager 1, launched in 1977, holds the record for travelling farther into space than any other man-made object. Even so, it took the Voyager 1 more than three decades just to exit the solar system into interstellar space, the area that exists between star systems within a ­galaxy.

If successful, the Breakthrough Starshot project – possibly the largest and most ambitious scientific exploration ever undertaken – will extend mankind’s presence to another star system, within a lifetime.

The announcement of the project marks the 55th anniversary of Russian astronaut Yuri ­Gagarin’s maiden space flight on April 12, 1961.
“The human story is one of great leaps,” said Milner, who last year funded another US$100 million project to pick up extraterrestrial radio signals.
As Nasa discovers ‘Earth 2.0’, China nears completion of giant telescope designed to find signs of alien life
“55 years ago today, Yuri ­Gagarin became the first human in space. Today, we are preparing for the next great leap – to the stars,” the Russian tech ­tycoon added.
Milner is one of the earliest investors in many of today’s most successful tech firms, including Facebook, Twitter, Xiaomi and ­Alibaba.

Hawking, who has previously warned that hostile alien life might destroy humanity, said of his participation in the project: “Earth is a wonderful place, but it might not last forever.
'There is no bigger question': Stephen Hawking endorses ambitious new bid to find alien life
“Sooner or later, we must look to the stars. Breakthrough Starshot is a very exciting first step on that journey.”
Hawking launched his own Weibo account on Chinese social media yesterday, gaining some 800,000 followers in just the first four hours.

The Breakthrough Starshot project will receive an initial investment of US$100 million for scientific and engineering research to ensure the feasibility of the technology.
The research is expected to take “a number of years” to complete, after which the actual journey to Alpha Centauri will need “the largest scientific-experiment budget” to take off.
The ambitious project calls for global collaboration as the costs and technical challenges involved exceed any country’s independent ability to fund and manage.
Next stop - Mars: China aims to send rover to Red Planet within six years
Launching the nanocraft will require the construction of a ground-based, kilometre-long laser beamer at an area of high ­altitude and dry conditions – such as in Tibet.
Scientists will then launch a mothership to carry to space thousands of nanocraft, each of which will in turn release a light sail that can be extended to a few square metres in size.
The laser beamer will focus its beams on the light sails to propel them towards their target, accelerating their speed to 160 million km/h in a matter of minutes.
Data captured will be transmitted back to earth via a compact on-board laser communication system.
Not all the nanocraft are expected to reach their destination, as some may be destroyed in interstellar dust ­collisions.

Beijing Planetarium’s senior engineer, Kou Wen, said the project should consider housing the giant laser beamer in Tibet.
Tibet, being the world’s highest plateau and with its cold, dry climate, would be an ideal location to reduce atmospheric absorption and disturbance to the laser-beaming process, according to Kou, who has participated in the building of large telescopes in the region.
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“Tough Tibet is a politically sensitive region [but] I believe the Chinese government would be very interested in this project because the nation is gearing up for space exploration with the completion of its first space station just a few years away,” Kou said.
Professor Wang Hao, researcher at Zhejiang University’s Micro-Satellite Research Centre, said the project would attract many Chinese scientists from various fields and disciplines.
Ultra-light nanosatellites today were able to carry out simple missions in near-earth orbit, but tremendous challenges had to be overcome for an interstellar journey, Wang said.
Using a very large laser array to pick up faint light signals sent back by the nanocraft in outer space was also possible, at least in theory, according to Wang.
He said the nanocraft could be mass produced at costs similar to that of an iPhone, and China was a potential production centre for them.
China's space telescope to displace 10,000 humans in search for aliens
China’s mainstream scientific community, however, met the Breakthrough Starshot project with scepticism.
Peking University astronomy professor Xu Renxin said he did not believe the experiment would work.
“Life will go on as usual as if it never happened,” Xu said, adding that he expected the tiny spacecraft to encounter myriad obstacles on their long journey.
A single grain of dust, for instance, would significantly slow down a nanocraft’s initial speed upon collision, he said.
“Even if some of them do reach Alpha Centauri, they would not be able to send any signal back to earth due to the small size of their antennae,” Xu said.
Lost in space? Nasa chief urges US to work with China on future manned space missions or risk getting left behind
The project did not give a timeline of the launches. More details are available on its website: www.breakthroughinitiatives.org


Mission to Alpha Centauri could explore potentially habitable world on the way

Stephen Hawking to Weibo fans: we can’t tell if life is just a dream 

INFOGRAPHIC: Hello, neighbour

Space odyssey to Alpha Centauri: where no one has gone before ... except in the movies and books

Breakthrough Starshot

A giant leap for mankind... to Alpha Centauri: Stephen Hawking announces plan to send laser-powered probes to star system 4.3 light years away

An artist impression of a planet orbiting the star Alpha Centauri B, a member of the triple star system is the closest to Earth. Photo: AFP

epa05255309 Russian people take the underground in front of a portrait of Yuri Gagarin, the first man in space, in a themed Moscow Metro train marking the 55th anniversary of Yury Gagarin's epic space flight and Cosmonaut Day in Moscow, Russia, 12 April 2016. Moscow Metro in conjunction with the Russian Space Agency launched the 'cosmic' train, which is decorated with images of the starry sky, planets and comic ships. Russia is celebrating Cosmonaut Day marking 55 anniversary of Yuri Gagarin's pioneering flight into space on 12 April 1961. EPA/SERGEI ILNITSKY

Theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking poses for a picture ahead of a gala screening of the documentary 'Hawking', a film about the scientist's life, at the opening night of the Cambridge Film Festival in Cambridge, eastern England on September 19, 2013. Hawking tells the extraordinary tale of how he overcame severe disability to become the most famous living scientist in a new documentary film premiered in Britain. AFP PHOTO / ANDREW COWIE

Digital Sky Technologies CEO Yuri Milner attends the eG8 forum in Paris May 25, 2011. The eG8 forum gathers "leaders of the Internet" to consider and discuss the future of the Internet and society. REUTERS/Gonzalo Fuentes (FRANCE - Tags: BUSINESS POLITICS SCI TECH HEADSHOT)

Tibetan nomads share a motorcycle while riding along a highway some 250 km southwest of Xining on the road to Lajiasi, or Ra'gyagoinba in Tibetan, on March 9, 2009 in northwest China's Qinghai province, a vast region on the Tibetan plateau known as Amdo. Tibetans in northwest China have described their constant fear of Chinese authorities amid what they say is ongoing discrimination and the erosion of their freedoms after riots against Chinese rule erupted on March 14 last year in Lhasa, the capital of Tibet, after four days of peaceful protests to mark the 49th anniversary of the uprising, as unrest spread to nearby provinces such as Qinghai, Sichuan and Gansu. AFP PHOTO/ Frederic J. BROWN

No Caption Available.

A movie still from the 2013 sci-fi action film ‘Star Trek Into Darkness’, showing Spock (left), played by Zachary Quinto, and Captain James T. Kirk, played by Chris Pine.

A handout image released on October 15, 2012 by European Southern Observatory (ESO) shows an artist impression of a planet orbiting the star Alpha Centauri B, a member of the triple star system that is the closest to Earth. Alpha Centauri B is the most brilliant object in the sky and the other dazzling object is Alpha Centauri A. Our own Sun is visible to the upper right. The tiny signal of the planet was found with the HARPS spectrograph on the 3.6-meter telescope at ESO?s La Silla Observatory in Chile. TOPSHOTS AFP PHOTO / ESO / L. Calcada RESTRICTED TO EDITORIAL USE - MANDATORY CREDIT "AFP PHOTO / ESO / L. Calcada" - NO MARKETING NO ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS - DISTRIBUTED AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS

Picture for Features, Sunday Review. The Three-Body Problem, by Cixin Liu. UNDATED HANDOUT.

Welcome to Weibo world: Stephen Hawking’s Chinese social media account attracts a million followers on first day

British scientist Stephen Hawking hopes to share more about his life and his work with Chinese internet users on his new website. Photo: Reuters

As Nasa discovers ‘Earth 2.0’, China nears completion of giant telescope designed to find signs of alien life

Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico, currently the world's largest telescope. Photo: SCMP Pictures

The Chinese-built 500-metre Aperture Spherical Telescope could help find new worlds, like those depicted in the Hollywood hit 'Interstellar', or even signs of alien life. Photo: SCMP Pictures

A Nasa illustration depicts one possible appearance of the planet Kepler-452b. Photo: Reuters

'There is no bigger question': Stephen Hawking endorses ambitious new bid to find alien life

Professor Stephen Hawking. Photo: Reuters

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Revolutionary space exploration project unveiled by British physicist and tech tycoon Yuri Milner


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New | A giant leap for mankind... to Alpha Centauri: Stephen Hawking announces plan to send laser-powered probes to star system 4.3 light years away

Revolutionary space exploration project unveiled by British physicist and tech tycoon Yuri Milner