China’s ‘migratory bird’ pensioners flocking south to Hainan in winter put strain on island’s resources
Growing trend of retired people from frigid northeast buying apartments in sunny southern province to escape winter cold causes problems for hospitals and pushes up food and property prices
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Blessed by palm-fringed beaches and balmy weather, the island province of Hainan is drawing masses of retirees fleeing the biting cold of their hometowns.
“At home in Harbin, it (can be) minus 30 degrees (minus 22 Fahrenheit), it’s unbearable. But here the climate is perfect,” says a 71-year-old pensioner who gives only her surname, Wang.
Hailing from the capital of the polluted, frigid, rust-belt province of Heilongjiang on the Siberian border, Wang and her husband have migrated each winter to the Hainan resort town of Sanya for the past eight years.
“Here we can breathe, and that warmth is better for our health,” says Qi Ningxia, a 60-year-old asthma-sufferer from Heilongjiang, who has joined Wang in waving brightly coloured fans in a group exercise-dance near the shore of the South China Sea.
“And we find so many people here from our province. We are sure we will not be bored,” Qi says.
Between 600,000 and 700,000 elderly descend on Sanya every winter, almost doubling its population, says Huang Cheng, a sociologist at Sanya University.
Nearly half of these “migratory birds”, as they are called, come from the northeastern provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning.
Recreational centres with features aimed at the elderly, such as mahjong tables, have mushroomed.
“Ping-pong, billiards, chess, calligraphy, painting or computer science” are among the offerings on display, says the director of one such centre.
Hainan island itself was once a remote outpost, a place of exile for criminals and disgraced scholars, and Sanya merely a secluded, backward fishing village. Today, Sanya is home to a Club Med resort, yacht marinas, golf courses and luxury residential complexes as local authorities aim to attract both foreign and domestic tourist dollars.
The retirees from northeastern China do not fit this profile: the overwhelming majority shop in local markets rather than in shiny new malls, and prefer to play cards instead of golf.
One-third of the pensioners who winter in Sanya – many retired steel, petroleum and mine workers – rely on limited monthly income of 2,000-3,000 yuan (HK$2,250-HK$3,375, US$290 -US$435) while one-quarter receive even less, according to sociologist Huang.
Real-estate costs have also soared as some wealthier pensioners buy apartments. More than 70 per cent of apartment buyers in Hainan in 2015 did not live on the island, according to official figures.
Hospitals are also struggling to cope with an explosion in demand from the ageing “migratory birds”.
“The situation has evolved so suddenly that we have to allow time for local infrastructure to adapt,” says An Honglian, director of the Yihe service centre. The Sanya-based Buddhist non-profit helps retirees with practical problems, from plumbing issues to health concerns.
An says the flood of pensioners to warmer destinations will only intensify as China’s population ages.
China has more than 212 million people over the age of 60, who will represent 25 per cent of the population by 2030, according to the National Bureau of Statistics.
Other southern provinces like Yunnan and Guangxi are also witnessing an increase in the number of elderly migrants.
Wang, the Heilongjiang pensioner, is so convinced of the benefits of her winter sojourn that she persuaded her son and grandchildren to join her in Hainan for the Lunar New Year holiday in late January, overturning a Chinese tradition of spending it in one’s hometown.
“But here, there is bracing sea air. It’s good for the health of the whole family,” she says.
