Snail venom found to be painkiller ‘100 times stronger than morphine’
An experimental drug made from marine snail venom has shown early signs of promise in numbing pain, raising hopes in the hunt for new, non-addictive medications, researchers said.
An experimental drug made from marine snail venom has shown early signs of promise in numbing pain, raising hopes in the hunt for new, non-addictive medications, researchers said.
The drug, which has yet to be tested on humans, was judged to be about 100 times more potent than morphine or gabapentin, which are currently considered the gold standard for chronic nerve pain.
The active ingredient, conotoxin, comes from carnivorous cone snails, common in the western Pacific and Indian Ocean.
The marine animals can reach out and stab prey, injecting a venom that paralyses fish long enough for the snail to eat it up. A tiny protein derived from the snail's venom has formed the basis of five new experimental compounds, said lead researcher David Craik, of the University of Queensland in Australia.
A preliminary study using one of the new compounds on lab rats "appeared to significantly reduce pain", Craik said ahead of a presentation at an American Chemical Society meeting in Dallas, Texas.
"This is an important incremental step that could serve as the blueprint for the development of a whole new class of drugs capable of relieving one of the most severe forms of chronic pain that is currently very difficult to treat," he added.
Animal venoms are poisons that can block certain channels in the nervous system, and act differently than opioid painkillers such as morphine and hydrocodone, which carry the risk of addiction and death from overdose.
Pharmaceutical companies have begun investigating venoms in recent years as potential sources of new drugs for managing neuropathic pain, which affects 15 per cent of the US population and can arise from cancer, Aids, diabetes and other debilitating diseases.
One conotoxin-derived drug, ziconotide, has already been approved for human use. However, it is not available in pill form and must be infused directly into the lower part of the spinal cord.
The five new compounds Craik and colleagues are developing would be taken orally.
"We don't know about side effects yet, as it hasn't been tested in humans. But we think it would be safe," Craik said.
