Hunan native He was secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection. He began his career as a technician in Shandong province, and over the following 20 years worked his way up to become a member of the Standing Committee of the Shandong Provincial Party Committee and party boss of Shandong’s Jinan city. His next move saw him become vice-minister of the chemical industry in 1991, before working as Fujian vice party boss and governor from 1996 to 1999. The 69-year-old then became Chongqing party boss in 1999. He was a member of the Politburo Standing Committee between 2007 and 2012. He has a degree in engineering.