“When we were listed a year ago and unfamiliar to most people, despite our consistent messaging, some competitors tried to frame us as a platform that would only attract price-sensitive users in lower tier cities, and that our products are cheap because they are low quality or even knockoffs,” said Huang, who is also chairman and chief executive. “Today, our results have firmly demonstrated otherwise.”

In China, where you live determines the tech you use

The latest estimates by Pinduoduo may reinforce its efforts to challenge what it described as “forced exclusivity” in the ecommerce market, where merchants and customers are constrained to a certain platform or choice of payment method.

In April, Huang called for more open competition that would benefit both merchants and consumers. Shanghai-based Pinduoduo has provided alternatives in term of its logistics waybill systems, cloud computing services and payment system.

Pinduoduo has accused its larger ecommerce rivals of freezing out upstarts through their dominance in various industries.

The country’s biggest ecommerce services provider, Alibaba, for example, developed and deployed its own logistics network Cainiao and online payment system Alipay, while excluding similar offerings such as WeChat Pay from rival Tencent Holdings. Social media giant Tencent, meanwhile, blocks links to Alibaba’s Taobao Marketplace from opening within its flagship messaging and social media app WeChat.

(Abacus is a unit of the South China Morning Post, which is owned by Alibaba.)

Pinduoduo’s shares have gained almost 17% this year before the results announcement, in line with the 15.6% gain in the benchmark Standard and Poor’s 500 Index.

Its users have nearly doubled their annual average spending to 1,467.5 yuan (US$208) in the 12-month period ended June 30, helping to drive a 169% jump in revenue in the second quarter.

Its net loss narrowed to 1 billion yuan in the same period from 6.5 billion yuan the previous year.

Pinduoduo initially found popularity via its group-buying business model, which offered discounts to users who persuade friends on social media platforms to buy an item together with them to get a lower price.

After it went public last year, the company was hit by accusations that some products sold on its platform were inferior or counterfeit items. The firm has since promised to put in place stricter regulations and technology aimed at targeting and taking down such listings.

Pinduoduo, however, is still adding users at a rapid pace. Last quarter, its monthly active users grew 26% to reach 366 million users. This means about one in four Chinese people use Pinduoduo every month.

By comparison, Alibaba’s monthly active users have reached 755 million or about half of China’s population.

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