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Ritual humiliation

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At precisely 9am, the leadership and motivation workshop begins and the Shanghai executives from one of the mainland's leading computer firms start wrestling with a host of progressive management theories.

Ten minutes later, a red-faced senior executive shuffles in. 'Stop everything,' shouts one participant. The 60 delegates are told to stand up and hold a minute's silence to focus their collective corporate thoughts on the error of their tardy colleague's ways.

The miscreant - who is in the nation's top one per cent of earners - bows his head and walks to a corner of the room for his 10-minute dose of humiliation, while his colleagues go back to discussing the managerial benefits of lateral thinking over parallel thinking.

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Other companies make employees stand for five minutes, holding their mobile phone aloft if the offending article rings during a meeting.

It is humiliating - but humiliation is a particularly effective motivator on the mainland, human resource managers say, and although it runs counter to a lot of modern thinking, it is widely implemented at all levels of society.

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In recent history, it played a pivotal role. Criticism and self-criticism were weapons effectively deployed by Mao Zedong for decades to keep a fifth of the world's population at his feet and away from 'political contamination'. Although society has transformed radically since then, psychological residues remain.

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