As South Korea transforms into a mature democracy, the traditional authorities that wielded unlimited power are gradually losing their clout. Political and military power, in particular, has weakened steadily over the last two decades. But there is one exception: the media. It has gained influence, benefitting from the march of democracy and the resulting greater freedom of expression.
Now, however, there is a growing voice within South Korean society saying media companies have, perhaps, become too influential and arrogant. While other prominent groups are subject to various types of checks, whether in the form of public scrutiny or enforceable regulations, media organisations are free of most of these constraints. Politicians and bureaucrats are afraid to challenge the news media, and businesses are extremely friendly towards journalists. Critics often call the country a 'media republic'.
This unchallenged power produces many undesirable results. Strong competition, coupled with a lack of suitable laws, often leads to incorrect and false stories being printed. Reports are often biased, as journalists maintain cosy relations with sources under a unique system called the 'gija club', where reporters covering government agencies or public entities monopolise information. With individuals and organisations unwilling or unable to challenge the organisations, these unprofessional practices go unchecked.
The government of President Roh Moo-hyun has worked hard to change the situation. The exclusive press club at the presidential office was replaced by a more open briefing system, and many government agencies are following suit. The president's office has also launched a daily online newspaper to bypass incorrect or irresponsible reports, and to directly appeal to the people.
Mr Roh has himself sued several leading newspapers, claiming he was libelled. During his two decades in politics, he has been constantly attacked by conservative dailies as being too liberal. Many see the confrontation between the administration and the media as a war.
Mr Roh's attempts to change South Korea's news media has begun to gain support as the public realises the perils of a too-powerful media. Without change in the sector, Mr Roh's political and economic reforms will prove difficult. He only has to look to his predecessor, Kim Dae-jung, who also tried to reform the media. He failed miserably, mainly because his action came too late - towards the end of his five-year term. In the beginning, Mr Kim tried to befriend the media because he needed its support for his ambitious reform programmes. But Mr Roh is different and came into office with no illusions - even about enjoying a honeymoon period with the media.
