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SCMP Reporter

Sulfur dioxide

Can impair respiratory function and aggravate existing respiratory diseases causing severe distress and cardiac illnesses.

Non-respirable suspended particles

Larger particles that are not absorbed into the lungs. They mainlny cause aesthetic problems such as soiling, dust, soot, etc.

Respirable suspended particulates

Smaller than 10 millionths of a metre. Can penetrate deep into the lungs and cause respiratory problems. Also affects visibility.

Fine particulate matter

Smaller than 2.5 millionths of a metre. The smaller the particle, the deeper it can penetrate into the respiratory system and the more damage it causes.

Nitrogen dioxide

Lowers a person's resistance to respiratory infections and aggravates existing chronic respiratory diseases.

Carbon monoxide

Reduces amount of oxygen delivered to the body's organs and tissues. Causes shortness of breath, chest pain, headaches and loss of co-ordination.

Ozone

Can cause irritation to the eyes, nose and throat. High doses can aggravate existing respiratory illnesses such as asthma.

Lead

Can cause lower IQ and hearing impairments in children. Affects blood pressure, kidneys, and nervous, immune, cardiovascular, and reproductive systems.

Volatile organic compounds

Precursor pollutants, such as solvents, that help form ground-level ozone and particulate matter.

Carbon dioxide

Contributes to global warming. Hotter temperatures increase levels of cardiovascular problems, heat exhaustion and respiratory problems.



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