A hip-hop history

Hip hop is more than just a genre of music or style of dance - it is a cultural movement. It was initiated by the African-American youth in the Bronx, New York City, in the early 1970s.

The main elements of the hip hop culture are audio mixing and scratching (DJing), rapping (MCing), breakdancing, graffiti art, slang and fashion.

Music-wise, rapping means the delivery of swift, lyrical vocals with a strong rhythm. DJing means creating new music through sampling, turntablism, instrumentation or beatboxing.

By the late 70s, hip hop was seen as a mainstream form of pop music. About a decade later, a form of hip hop called 'gangsta rap' caused major turmoil in the American music scene.

The lyrics were seen to promote violence and drug use. The image of a 'gangster' was seen as glamorous. This was of course an unhealthy influence on young people.

In the late 90s, hip hop was influenced by the 'bling-bling' lifestyle. This focuses on money, jewellery, cars and clothing.