Paper 1a
Read the arguments about both sides of an issue and show you understand them by (i) completing cloze summaries of the first two paragraphs, and (ii) by choosing the correct phrases to complete the last two.
A. Children must learn to control themselves. No one likes a person who has no discipline but only does whatever he or she wants. For the child's own good this lesson must be learnt early on. Giving a child a light smack when it goes on misbehaving after being told to stop is an effective way of doing this. Learning that punishment follows bad behaviour is a necessary part of growing up. A busy parent cannot spend time reasoning with an angry child. It needs a slight shock. A short slight pain does no long-term harm but teaches a useful lesson.
Fill in the blanks to complete this summary of the paragraph above. One important part of
1) _______________________________ up is learning to control 2) ___________________________. Everyone must understand that bad 3) __________________ is 4) ______________________________ by punishment. One 5) ___________________________ way of teaching this is to use a light 6) _____________________. One does not always have 7) ________________________ to reason with a naughty child. A smack causes no 8) _______________________________, but gives the child a 9) _______________________________ and teaches a useful lesson.
B. When we smack a child, the child certainly understands we are upset but does not always know why. In other words, we are not teaching that naughtiness leads to punishment, but that upset people can hit others. Physical pain may cause anger and a wish to behave even more badly. To avoid it the child learns to hide its thoughts, be secretive and tell lies. It is far better for parents to talk to children and explain why some actions cannot be allowed. That is true development.