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Albert Einstein
When he was a child, none of Albert Einstein's teachers realised how clever he was. Einstein disliked school so much  he failed almost all of his courses.
He  was born on 14 March, 1879 in Ulm in Germany. Although he left school when he was 15, he continued to study on his own.
When he was 17, he studied for a degree in maths and physics in Switzerland. Afterwards, he took a job at the national patent office in Bern, but  spent his free time studying.
Five years later, he began publishing his work. Einstein introduced new ways of thinking about motion, mass, light and energy. He also proposed the Theory of Relativity.
He suggested gravity is not a force but a curved field in the space-time continuum that's created by mass.
When his theory was proved correct in 1919, Einstein became famous  but  few people understood what he was talking about.
By the time he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921, Einstein's wild fuzzy white hair, moustache, and thick German accent were recognised around the world.
But  he didn't just talk about science - as he was Jewish, he campaigned for creating the state of Israel. He was also a loud critic of war.
When Hitler took over Germany in 1933, he burned Einstein's house and books in revenge.
Luckily, the scientist had moved to the US  the month before.
Einstein spent the rest of his life living in America, trying to find one mathematical formula that would explain  the properties of matter and energy.
Lee Tsung-dao and Yang Chen-ning
Lee Tsung-dao  and Franklin Yang Chen-ning  are famous for being the first Chinese winners of the Nobel  Prize  for Physics.
They won the award in  1957 for their work on elementary particles, the smallest building blocks of the universe.
At the time, Dr Yang was 35 and Dr Lee was only 31. That's very young to win such a prestigious award.
Dr Yang was born on October 1, 1922 in Hefei  , Anhui  .  He studied at the National Southwestern Associated University in Kunming  and Tsinghua University.
Later, he was given a scholarship to the University of Chicago.  He also worked as an assistant to Enrico Fermi, a famous nuclear physicist who won the Nobel Prize in 1938.
Lee Tsung-dao was born  on November 24, 1926 in Shanghai.
He studied at Zhejiang University and the National Southwestern Associated University.
Afterwards, Dr Lee also attended the University of Chicago and studied for his PhD there.  Although Dr Lee and Dr Yang have a lot in common, they fell out five years after winning the  Nobel Prize.
Today Dr Lee lives in the US. He reads detective novels in his spare time and lectures at Columbia University. He also runs the Chun Tsung Endowment Fund, which offers scholarships.
Dr Yang is  a distinguished professor-at-large at  the Chinese University  of Hong Kong as well as honorary director of Tsinghua University.
He teaches according to principles from a Chinese poem - 'better slow and steady, not flighty and tricky; better plain and honest, not flowery and showy'.



The brilliant minds of science