Goldman’s U-turn on Archegos Capital’s Bill Hwang puts the Wall Street bank at the nexus of margin call mayhem in world markets
- Goldman emailed clients to tell them that it had been one of the banks selling as much as US$10.5 billion in holdings, according to an email seen by Bloomberg
- By Friday morning, one bank after another had started exercising the right to declare Hwang in default and liquidate his positions to recover their capital
Those misgivings did not last. Wall Street’s premier investment bank, lured by the tens of millions of dollars a year in commissions that a whale like Hwang paid to rival dealers, removed his name from its blacklist and allowed him to become a major client. Just as Morgan Stanley, Credit Suisse Group and others did, Goldman fuelled a pipeline of billions of dollars in credit for Hwang to make highly leveraged bets on stocks such as Chinese tech giant Baidu and media conglomerate Viacom CBS.
Now Hwang is at the centre of one of the greatest margin calls of all time, his giant portfolio in a messy and painful liquidation, and Goldman’s reversal has thrust it right into the mayhem.
Goldman even emailed clients late Friday to tell them that it had in fact been one of the banks selling. The email, a copy of which was seen by Bloomberg, detailed a total of US$10.5 billion in trades. The message did not name Hwang or Archegos.
Representatives for Goldman, Morgan Stanley and Credit Suisse declined to comment. Efforts to reach Hwang and his associates at Archegos were unsuccessful.
A so-called Tiger Cub who worked for Julian Robertson at Tiger Management, Hwang set up Archegos as a family office after shutting down his own hedge fund. Traders familiar with his orders describe Hwang running a long-short strategy with exceptionally large leverage, meaning that for every dollar of his own, he’d pile on several times as much in borrowed money.
For years, as they watched Archegos send business elsewhere, senior staff in Goldman’s equities division tried to cultivate Hwang as a client. Yet every attempt to open an account for him was blocked by Goldman’s compliance department, according to people familiar involved in those discussions. The reason: Hwang’s checkered past.
Back in 2018, Goldman was wrestling with the reputation damage from the 1Malaysia Development Bhd or 1MDB scandal in Malaysia, as well as still trying to restore its name after the financial crisis.
At some point in the past two-and-a-half years, the firm changed its mind about Hwang. What exactly prompted the shift still isn’t clear. One possibility: The firm decided that, after a decade since his illegal trades, Hwang had spent enough time in the penalty box. Archegos had also become a force of its own, a family office that was bigger than many hedge funds.
Eventually, Goldman joined the ranks of Hwang’s top financiers, according to the people with direct knowledge of that relationship, enabling him to place many of the risky wagers that unravelled at breathtaking speed last week.
Goldman wasn’t alone. As those bets went haywire, Hwang’s prime brokers demanded more collateral to back his margin loans. By Friday morning, some banks had started exercising the right to declare him in default and liquidate his positions to recover their capital, according to people familiar with that situation. Others swiftly followed.
That triggered a mad dash to sell shares in huge blocks as one bank after another scrambled to avoid losses on stocks that soon would be plummeting in value. As Monday’s open approaches, Wall Street is still trying to piece together a full accounting of the trades.
Separately, Nomura Holdings warned of a “significant” potential loss from an unnamed US client, related to the unwinding of trades by Archegos, according to people familiar with the matter. Hwang’s family office was one of Nomura’s prime brokerage clients, one of the people said, without providing further details. They asked not to be identified discussing private information.
Nomura said in a statement on Monday that the estimated amount of the claim against the US client was about US$2 billion. A spokesperson for Nomura declined to comment beyond its earlier statement.
