ECB surprises with aggressive hike, first since 2011, to end the era of negative interest rates in eurozone
- ECB’s deposit facility will rise to zero per cent, out of the negative territory for the first time in eight years
- Risk of recession later this year may ‘wash away’ some of the potential increases, ING Bank analyst says
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The decision lifted its deposit facility, the rate paid by banks to park their cash at the ECB overnight, to zero percent and out of negative territory for the first time in eight years. Its other key rates rose in lockstep, also by 50 basis points.
The more aggressive move, the ECB’s first rate hike since 2011, reflected an updated “assessment of inflation risks”, the Frankfurt-based institution said on Thursday. Policymakers dumped a previous guidance that it would raise rates by a more modest 25 basis points, saying it would make decisions “meeting-by-meeting.”
Surging energy costs as a consequence of the Russian invasion of Ukraine saw consumer prices in the eurozone rise at an 8.6 percent pace in June, an all-time high for the currency club, and well above the ECB’s target of 2 percent.
Since they were announced in June, the ECB’s plans to raise rates have unleashed new stresses on bond markets, with the relative borrowing costs faced by more highly indebted countries rising quickly.
The central bank’s response Thursday was to reveal a new crisis-fighting instrument, dubbed the “Transmission Protection Instrument (TPI).” The targeted bond-buying scheme would be used to “counter unwarranted, disorderly market dynamics” that scrambles the ECB’s policy goals, it added.
With prices taking off, the euro weak against the dollar and other central banks racing ahead with bigger hikes, the ECB was under pressure to act decisively.
The “historic” decision reflected anxiety on the governing council that the window of opportunity to raise interest rates could be closing, said Carsten Brzeski, head of macro at ING Bank.
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The risk that the eurozone will pitch into recession later this year may lead to chances for more hikes being “washed away,” he added. “Instead of a long rate hike journey, the ECB’s policy normalisation currently rather looks like a short trip.”
Future rate hikes “will be appropriate,” the ECB said, as it looks to catch up with the Federal Reserve and the Bank of England, which both started raising rates earlier and more aggressively.
“Russia’s unjustified aggression towards Ukraine is an ongoing drag on growth” while driving inflation that would remain “undesirably high for some time”, ECB chief Lagarde told reporters in a press conference.
Europe’s dependence on Russian energy imports has eurozone members bracing for a difficult winter and planning to ration supplies if Moscow halts gas deliveries. Those factors were “significantly clouding the outlook for the second half of 2022,” she said.
The ECB would “not hesitate” to use its new TPI crisis-fighting tool if the borrowing costs faced by governments in the eurozone begin to show an “unwarranted” divergence, Lagarde said. The central bank was capable of “going big” to ensure the even transmission of its monetary policy throughout the euro area, she added.
While the TPI came with economic conditions, the deployment of the tool was also down to the “discretion and judgement” of the ECB’s governing council, Lagarde said.
“It may prove difficult to convince the broader public that the ECB is not drawn into political considerations when faced with the crucial decision to activate the TPI,” said Frederik Ducrozet, head of macroeconomic research at Pictet.
