Since the launch of China's "going out" policy some 15 years ago, Chinese outbound investment has increased over 30-fold, to almost US$103 billion in 2014. As China's overseas footprint has grown, so have the environmental and social controversies linked to Chinese-backed projects. In the past few years alone, Chinese companies and banks have come under fire for a range of deals, such as copper mines in Ecuador that have fuelled social conflict. But unlike US or European governments, which have largely let their multinational corporations roam the globe with little environmental oversight, China has issued government policies aimed at promoting stronger environmental stewardship for Chinese investments overseas. One of these policies is the Green Credit Guidelines, issued by China's banking regulators three years ago this month. The guidelines not only instruct banks to link lending decisions to clients' environmental performance, but also require banks to ensure that borrowers abide by international best practices abroad. The international aspect of the guidelines is visionary both in terms of promoting sustainable finance and global corporate responsibility. But the proof of the pudding is in its eating, and implementation of the guidelines, as we describe in our recent report, "Going Out, But Going Green?", is falling short. In six of the seven overseas case studies we examined, we found compliance failures. The reasons will come as no surprise for long-time observers of sustainable banking. Fundamentally, Chinese banks are dogged by the same challenges as their international peers: a lack of expertise, ability - and sometimes political will - to assess the environmental and social performance of their clients. Perhaps the most notable difference between Chinese and international banks is their dearth of communication with stakeholders and civil society groups. This cuts Chinese banks off from valuable information and thus inhibits their ability to implement the guidelines. In this regard, Chinese banks are probably 10 to 15 years behind leading international financiers. Another reason for the guidelines' inadequacy is that they are basically mandatory but not enforced, meaning that banks are supposed to comply with them but do not suffer real sanctions if they don't. In particular, the China Banking Regulatory Commission does not seem serious about the international element; for example, there does not appear to be any particular department or staff at the commission specifically charged with overseeing the guidelines overseas. All eyes are on China now as its global footprint grows. And with China taking leading roles in new financial institutions such as the BRICS bank and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, the world is looking to China for leadership in sustainable finance. By way of public policy, China has been a pioneer in issuing some of the world's most innovative green finance policies. But in practice, it has a long way to go to live up to the promise and potential of these policies. Michelle Chan is director of the economic policy programme at Friends of the Earth - United States
