Editorial | Giant steps by China in science another reason for its rise

Chinese scientists have also declared quantum supremacy and replicated the nuclear fusion process that occurs naturally in the sun and stars. When it comes to science and technology, the country is on a roll.

Not for 44 years has a nation brought moon samples back for study. There is understandable excitement given that unlike previous missions by the United States and Soviet Union, these come from the near side which is believed to contain younger geological material. President Xi Jinping congratulated those involved in China’s most complicated space mission to date, saying it would deepen “understanding of the origin of the moon and evolution history of the solar system”.

Chinese scientific research largely has state-directed policy, long out of fashion and criticised as wasteful in the US, to thank. Quantum supremacy means building a quantum computer capable of carrying out calculations trillions of times faster than the most powerful supercomputers. While it is still a proof of concept, as applications to real-life problems are a way off, it is a highly contested field.

Dubbed the “artificial sun”, the HL-2M Tokamak, China’s largest and most advanced nuclear fusion experimental research device, has been powered up to achieve nuclear fusion that can potentially provide almost infinite clean energy.

While research in fusion has stalled internationally because it is considered too costly and risky, China is doubling down in what it hopes will be commercially available by the middle of the century. Meanwhile, it has been developing next-generation nuclear reactors that will produce less radioactive waste and help reduce reliance on fossil fuels.