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Thomas O. Falk

Opinion | Why continuing Merkel’s China approach is in Germany’s best interest

  • Whoever leads Germany’s next government must be aware that the US is not the reliable protector or partner it was in years past
  • To serve German interests best, the new government must not be forced into a binary choice between its top partners in defence and trade

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President Xi Jinping greets German Chancellor Angela Merkel at the Group of 20 summit in Hamburg, Germany, in 2017. Photo: Getty Images
For the past 16 years, Germany’s China policy was primarily shaped by Chancellor Angela Merkel, which meant pragmatism was pivotal and Germany’s economic interest was paramount rather than ideological disparities. It was an approach of semi-realpolitik that, while not appreciated among all parties, served Germany well.
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With Merkel’s imminent departure, however, Germany and Europe could witness a paradigm shift in China relations. Germany could once again champion US interests and move away from Merkel-esque pragmatism, potentially hurting German interests.
It is not yet certain whether Olaf Scholz or Armin Laschet will become Merkel’s successor. The good news is, as far as Sino-German relations are concerned, both have displayed a proclivity for continuing the Merkel course, rather than a reset, and appear to favour the conclusion of the currently suspended trade agreement between China and the European Union.
However, the situation is different with the Greens and Free Democratic Party (FDP), the parties that will inevitably become part of the new government. The Greens have already stated their desire to introduce “dialogue and toughness” with Beijing while continuously emphasising the systemic competition China presents. Western liberal values are at the forefront of this undertaking, as far as the Greens are concerned.

The FDP sees it similarly. On one hand, the party consists of an economically liberal wing; on the other, it has a wing that firmly represents liberal-democratic values ​​and human rights. Party chair Christian Lindner has said the FDP is inclined to raise awareness of humanitarian issues, even if it came at an economic disadvantage.

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Germany’s Social Democrats win election, chancellor candidate Scholz celebrated by his supporters

Germany’s Social Democrats win election, chancellor candidate Scholz celebrated by his supporters
Moreover, both parties have expressed their desire to deepen the transatlantic relationship with Washington, meaning a greater emphasis and coordination with the United States as far as China is concerned.
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