In Something in the Blood: Bram Stoker, the Man Who Wrote Dracula, David J. Skal, a cultural historian who appears to know everything worth knowing about Stoker and his creation, has written an exuberant combination of biography and cultural history which thoroughly investigates the real-life horrors of the Victorian era that influenced the creation of the count. Copiously illustrated, it is a keepsake for any Dracula enthusiast.

When Stoker wrote Dracula, he was a London theatre manager whose work as a writer was eclipsed by his boss, the British actor Henry Irving, the man who changed his life.

Stoker was a dutiful child of Dublin’s middle class. Beyond the genteel precincts of Stoker’s Dublin neighbourhood, the potato famine ravaged the countryside. Cholera killed with swift, horrifying brutality. In the city, cemeteries were so overcrowded, the decay of corpses threatened public health, and “resurrection men” routinely snatched bodies for medical instruction.

Stoker absorbed it all, but he continually set aside his writing to work another job, or three. A Dublin journalist, theatre critic and civil servant, his life took a turn when Henry Irving came to town – on the basis of Stoker’s adoring reviews, the English actor recruited him as his business manager and general factotum.

How ironic that Stoker’s is the name most remembered today. In his lifetime, Stoker worked completely in Irving’s shadow. He managed Irving’s Lyceum Theatre in London and published stories strictly as a sideline – tales of ghosts and monstrous horror, burbling out of his fertile, repressed Victorian imagination.

Skal goes at the Dracula story from every angle – its early inspirations, its reflection of Victorian England’s fears of sex, illness and Darwin’s theories. Victorians trying to hang on to the idea of God were more than ready to believe in a devil. He attempts to show that Stoker, if not a closeted gay man, preferred male company and loved men, including the poet Walt Whitman and the popular 19th-century novelist Hall Caine, to whom Dracula is dedicated. Stoker, a Victorian husband and father, never left any evidence that he expressed physical love for men.

Why did Dracula capture the public’s imagination? Certainly Stoker drew on every trick he had learned in the theatre. He studied other epistolary novels (notably Wilkie Collins’ The Moonstone.) He soaked up Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Irving’s interpretations of Faust and Macbeth, the fall of his friend Oscar Wilde and the real-life reign of terror of Jack the Ripper.

Skal believes Stoker would have been as surprised as anyone at his creation’s literary immortality.

Caine, Stoker’s fast friend, wrote that Stoker was in it for the money. He “took no vain view of his efforts as an author”, Caine wrote. “He wrote his books to sell.”

“In the final analysis,” Skal writes, “the most frightening thing about Dracula is the strong probability that it meant far less to Bram Stoker than it has come to mean to us.”