Such recognition has marked a busy time for Nguyen, who the other day sat at his dining room table in Los Angeles, laptop open, and typed a few thoughts, more in demand these days than before he won the Pulitzer. Donald Trump was discussed. Or, as Nguyen noted, the man who aroused “white nativist feelings directed against immigrants and minorities”.

Vietnamese-born academic’s debut novel wins Pulitzer Prize for Fiction

Trump is the fusion of populist politics and the cult of personality; a reality TV star and one-percenter who, as Nguyen sees it, is part of a virtual economy based partly on celebrity that benefits the rich but creates no jobs.

“Reality TV people don’t have any real talent except to perform this fake version of their lives. That fake version is what people want,” says Nguyen, who, while he opposes Trump’s ideals, credited the president-elect for setting forth a brash vision that upended American politics. “It’s not just Trump supporters who accept reality television and celebrity culture. It’s society as a whole. We’re all guilty of profiting from that virtual capitalism and enjoying that virtual celebrity.”

A trim man with a swoop of black hair rising like a small, shiny wave over his forehead, Nguyen and his family left Vietnam as refugees in 1975, the year the war ended. They settled in San Jose. His parents opened a grocery store where they were shot and wounded in a robbery years later.

Nguyen learned English and the ways of his new home. As he grew older, however, he felt of himself as “the other”, outcast from a native land he never really knew and estranged from the country he embraced. There were stories of relatives left behind and films like Apocalypse Now, which conjured the war from an unnerving American perspective.

“For me, it was never about learning to be an American. What happened actually was that other people didn’t see me as an American. That was the disturbing part,” says Nguyen, who teaches American studies, English and ethnicity at the University of Southern California. “The immigrant has always been an ambivalent figure in the US. The immigrant has always served as a source of rejuvenation for the country and a source of fear.”

This led him, as a writer, to untangle the complicated relationship between Vietnam and America, each with contentious versions of a conflict that killed more than 58,000 US service personnel along with an estimated 1.3 million to more than 3 million North and South Vietnamese. Duality informs much of Nguyen’s work, which extrapolates the personal to the universal to explore nationalism, history, atrocity, truth and lies, ethical pliability and how, depending on allegiances, one person’s monster is another’s liberator.

The narrator in The Sympathizer is a chameleon, an interloper navigating the cultures and dangerous politics of America’s intervention to stop South Vietnam’s communist revolution. He is a conniver with blood on his hands, satire in his veins and rationalisation in his heart. He tells us: “I am not some misunderstood mutant from a comic book or a horror movie, although some have treated me as such. I am simply able to see any issue from both sides.”

Nothing Ever Dies is an account of humanity at its darkest, a realm of war, memory, identity and pain that ventures from the jungles of Vietnam to the killing fields of Cambodia. Nguyen writes that “all wars are fought twice, the first time on the battlefield, the second time in memory … . Memory is haunted, not just by ghostly others but by the horrors we have done, seen, and condoned, or by the unspeakable things from which we have profited”.

Book review: The Sympathizer - spy tale a microcosm of Vietnam war

For Nguyen, Vietnam was a personal example of how American policy, which these days includes a massive arms industry, hundreds of overseas military bases, drone strikes and special operations forces, creates a psychology of perpetual war.

The Sympathizer, like Graham Greene’s The Quiet American, examines American intentions, often mixed of hubris, benevolence and ineptitude, that leads the country into conflict.

“Americans do believe very strongly in their own innocence. When some leaders say we’re going overseas to establish democracy and freedom, I think they really believe that,” Nguyen says. “They may also be doing it for corporate profits, but they really believe that Americans are there for democracy and freedom. And that’s the dangerous part … that belief in your own goodness.”

Countries, after all, are as complex as characters in a good novel. And a conversation in Nguyen’s living room can skip across the geographies, sins and fallibilities of a vexing world. The rise of populism in the West, notably Britain’s vote to exit the European Union, a resurgence of nationalist parties and the election of Trump suggest a backlash by working classes against capitalism.

“What we’re seeing is a crisis in capitalism that’s always been defined by race,” says Nguyen, noting that over the centuries, Europe’s wealth was largely built on what was colonised and extracted from Asia, Africa and Latin America. “The contradiction we’re seeing now is those minorities and those colonised peoples have made their way to the countries that colonised them in the first place and have become more visible. And as that capitalism has faltered … those white people have taken out their aggravations on these minorities and formerly colonised peoples.”