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Orange Wang

China’s economic slowdown is headline news around the world, with readers intrigued by the ongoing trade war with the United States.
But how is it being reported in China’s state media?

Gross domestic product (GDP)
﻿Why it is important: This is the headline figure generally viewed as a barometer for the overall health of an economy. It is commonly described as “economic growth”.
The fact: China’s economy grew at 6.6 per cent in 2018, the slowest growth rate since 1990. It slowed from 6.9 per cent in 2017.
How was it reported in China?
People’s Daily
Headline: Exceeded 90 trillion yuan! China’s economy reached new heights
Excerpt: “The estimated size of China’s GDP in 2018 was 90.0309 trillion yuan, exceeding the historic mark of 90 trillion yuan for the first time, and remaining the second largest in the world. The annual growth rate of China’s GDP was 6.6 per cent in 2018, achieving the growth goal of 6.5 per cent. The Chinese economy contributed nearly 30 per cent of global economic growth, and continued to be the largest contributor to global growth.”
What did the foreign press say?
Australian Financial Review
Headline: China’s economy faces its toughest year in more than a decade
Excerpt: “China’s economy faces its toughest year in more than a decade with some economists warning true growth will fall as low as 4 per cent as deteriorating consumer confidence, a slowing manufacturing sector, and Donald Trump’s tariffs take their toll on Australia’s biggest trading partner.”

Birth rate
﻿Why it is important: ﻿Fears over a falling birth rate feed into long-term anxieties about China’s shifting demographics. An ageing population with fewer people in the workforce is viewed as having negative implications for the economy.The fact: New births in China fell to 15.23 million last year, the lowest since China relaxed its one-child policy in 2014. This is down from 17.86 million in 2016 and 17.23 million in 2017, according to official data.
﻿How was it reported in China?
Xinhua News Agency
Headline: China’s population is still in a relatively stable period of growth
﻿Excerpt: “Li [Xiru, head of the population and employment statistics department at the National Bureau of Statistics, or NBS] said the ‘comprehensive two-child policy’ has played a positive role in raising the fertility level, the number of second babies has largely offset the impact from declining numbers of first born children.
“He added that China still has a demographic dividend, with sufficient labour resources, even though the working age population has declined and the population is ageing.”
What did the foreign press say?
﻿The Irish Times
﻿Headline: China’s birth rate falls to lowest level in 60 years
﻿Excerpt: “The number of babies born in China dropped to the lowest level in almost 60 years in 2018, a sign the birth rate is slowing in the world’s most populous nation despite efforts to encourage more children. “
“The population data adds to growing concerns about the world’s second largest economy. The Chinese economy grew by its slowest rate since the 2009 financial crisis during the last quarter, as the government deals with an ongoing trade war with the US and high levels of debt.”


Unemployment
﻿Why it is important: Keeping the jobless rate in China low is a key priority for the government in Beijing, given that mass job losses could lead to social unrest.
The fact: China's surveyed unemployment rate in urban areas stood at 4.9 per cent in December 2018, 0.1 per cent lower than in December of the previous year, according to data from the NBS.
Another metric of unemployment, the registered jobless rate, was measured at 3.8 per cent at the end of 2018.
﻿How was it reported in China?
CCTV
Headline: New changes in China’s employment – read about China’s annual economic achievements
﻿Excerpt: “China’s job market maintained its stable development over the last year. The number of new jobs in urban areas hit a record high, boosting economic growth and underpinning social stability. The employment situation was improved thanks to better economic fundamentals. Over the past year, the structure of the Chinese economy continued to improve while the quality and efficiency kept rising, generating more jobs, stabilising employment, and driving the optimisation of job quality.”
﻿What did the foreign press say?
The Diplomat (US)
﻿Headline: China's slowdown is starting to hit where it hurts: Employment
﻿Excerpt: “The growing downward pressure on China’s domestic economy has made the employment situation particularly grim.”
“The reality confirms the grim employment situation in China. The internet industry is experiencing a downturn at the moment. Baidu, Alibaba, and Tencent, China’s internet giants, are a desirable place for jobseekers. But since September, the news of Alibaba scaling back its campus recruitment programme has caused an uproar on the internet. At the same time, news spread that Baidu and JD.com have stopped social recruitment and that Tencent will lay off about 6,000 of its staff.”


Trade
﻿Why it is important: China has, since July 2018, been engaged in a tit-for-tat tariff war with the United States. Trade data, which measures the country’s exports and imports, is therefore keenly watched.
﻿The fact: In December, total exports fell to US$221.25 billion, down 1.4 per cent from November and 4.4 per cent from the same month in 2017, according to data from China’s General Administration of Customs.
However, overall Chinese exports for 2018 were the largest in seven years and the trade surplus with the US reached a record high, boosted by strong gains in the first half of the year and the effects of order front-loading in the second half.
Both of these data were released at the same time.
﻿How was it reported in China?
Xinhua News Agency:
﻿Headline: Exceeded 30 trillion yuan! China’s foreign trade volume hit a record high in 2018
﻿Excerpt: “China’s foreign trade volume reached a record high in 2018, increasing 9.7 per cent from the previous peak posted in 2017.”
“The country is expected to keep its position as the world’s largest trader of goods, said Li Kuiwen, spokesman for China’s customs administration. Li said the Chinese government had taken effective measures in last year to support the stable development of foreign trade and is coping with deep changes in the external situation. ‘Foreign trade remains stable and has seen advances,’ he said.
﻿What did the foreign press say?
﻿The Japan Times
﻿Headline: Chinese exports in December contracted the most in two years, raising risks for global economy
﻿Excerpt: “China’s exports unexpectedly fell the most in two years in December, while imports also contracted, pointing to further weakness in the world’s second-largest economy in 2019 and deteriorating global demand. Adding to policymakers’ worries, data on Monday also showed China posted its biggest trade surplus with the United States on record in 2018, which could prompt US President Donald Trump to turn up the heat on Beijing in their bitter trade dispute.”

Retail sales
﻿Why it is important: As China attempts to shift its growth model from one that is powered by trade, investment and infrastructure, to one built on domestic consumption, these figures are a barometer of how that policy move is progressing.
﻿The fact: The annual retail sales of consumer goods grew 9.0 per cent in 2018, slower than the growth rate for 2017, which was 10.2 per cent.
﻿How was it reported in China?
Xinhua News Agency
﻿Headline: Building a powerful home market, how consumer spending spurs economic growth.
﻿Excerpt: “China’s annual retail sales moved above the 38 trillion yuan mark in 2018, reaffirming the position of consumer spending as the primary engine for the economic growth. Final consumption expenditure contributed 76.2 per cent of GDP growth last year, up 18.6 percentage points on 2017.”
“Consumer spending has been the number one driving force of economic growth for five consecutive years, exceeding investment and exports. Consumers are spending more on services, which will make the size of the consumer market larger and upgrade the market structure.”
﻿What did the foreign press say?
﻿The Guardian (UK)
Headline: Cautious consumers feel the pinch as Chinese economy slows
﻿Excerpt: “For the many businesses that depend on the spending power of China’s middle class, winter has already arrived. After decades of breakneck growth, the world’s second largest economy is slowing down, and Chinese consumers are feeling the pinch.”


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China's gross domestic product (GDP) grew 6.6 per cent in 2018, according to a report by the National Bureau of Statistics. Photo: EPA-EFE

Newly manufactured cars are seen at the automobile terminal in the port of Dalian, Liaoning province, China October 18, 2018. REUTERS/Stringer ATTENTION EDITORS - THIS IMAGE WAS PROVIDED BY A THIRD PARTY. CHINA OUT.

epa07305284 Chinese people rest in Wangfujing Street in Beijing, China, 21 January 2019. China's gross domestic product (GDP) grew 6.6 percent in 2018, according to a report of the National Bureau of Statistics issued on 21 January 2019. EPA-EFE/WU HONG

This photo taken on May 13, 2017 shows students looking at postings at a job fair at Shenyang Aerospace University in Shenyang, in China's northeast Liaoning province. More than 100 enterprises, both private and state owned, advertised jobs at the fair. / AFP PHOTO / STR / China OUT

(171001) -- ANXIN, Oct. 1, 2017 (Xinhua) -- A new born baby is weighed at the Anxin county hospital in Xiongan New Area, north China's Hebei Province, Oct. 1, 2017. Feng Jiaojiao gave birth to a baby boy on Sunday, who weighs 3,400 grams and is the first newborn at the hospital on the National Day. (Xinhua/Xing Guangli) (zwx)

(FILES) In this file photo taken on March 8, 2018 Chinese police officers watch a cargo ship at a port in Qingdao in China's eastern Shandong province. The escalating trade confrontation between Washington and Beijing threatened to boil over on April 6, 2018 after President Donald Trump lashed out again and China called on the EU to join the battle, sending global stocks into the red. Trump remained defiant and said the pain of the dispute will pay off in the end, while China said that his administration would only "shoot itself in the foot" if it didn't back down from the "extremely wrong" threats. / AFP PHOTO / - / China OUT

Economy

China Economy

Global Economy

Economic Indicators

Explained

China’s economy is growing at its slowest rate for 30 years
How does its state-owned media’s economic coverage compare with international publications?


China’s state-owned media glosses over the economic slowdown.


US-China trade war

US-China trade war: All stories

‘China’s economy reached new heights’: how the slowdown is being reported by Chinese state media

China’s economy is growing at its slowest rate for 30 years How does its state-owned media’s economic coverage compare with international publications?

China’s economy is growing at its slowest rate for 30 years

How does its state-owned media’s economic coverage compare with international publications?