“The impact on the tourism industry is definitely the biggest,” said Zhang Zhiwei, chief economist at Pinpoint Assets. “It is not limited to those cities that have confirmed cases. It should be said that, overall, travel has become more cautious.”

Yu Hui, a hostel manager in Wuyuan, a touristy town in central Jiangxi province, said his hostel had been fully booked for August but now 90 per cent of the bookings have been cancelled.

“Though we don’t have any cases here in Jiangxi, tourists are scared away by the current wave because it has spread so fast and to lots of places,” Yu said.

Many students and their parents who are concerned about being quarantined if they become infected during trips, as this could delay the students’ eventual return to school, have also chosen to cancel bookings, Yu added. Students account for a large percentage of the domestic tourism industry each summer.

In response to the travel restrictions issued by local governments, many airports across China reported a drop in outbound flights on Tuesday, according to figures issued by Fei Chang Zhun, a data-analytics company specialising in the Chinese travel industry.

The state-owned China National Railway Group also offered free refunds to ticket holders on Tuesday.

First detected on July 20 at an airport in Nanjing, the capital city of Jiangsu province, the current outbreak of the highly transmissible Delta variant has since spread to at least 12 provinces.

Zhangjiajie, a popular tourist destination in central Hunan province, has become a hotspot in the current outbreak, with more than a dozen cases traced to the city. In response, local authorities ordered all tourist attractions to close from last Friday.

A tourist group that visited Zhangjiajie on July 22 helped spread the virus to other cities and provinces, including Hubei and Hainan, as well as Wuhan, where no local infection had been detected in more than a year. On Tuesday, Wuhan authorities ordered all 12 million residents to be tested.

The nation’s tourism industry, which accounted for 11 per cent of China’s total gross domestic product (GDP) in 2019, has continued to struggle and has not recovered to pre-pandemic levels, even though the nation has posted overall economic growth since it started its road to recovery in May last year.

In the first half of 2021, the total number of domestic trips fell 40 per cent to 1.871 billion and total domestic tourism spending also fell by about 40 per cent to 1.63 trillion yuan (US$252 billion), compared with the same period in 2019, according to Ministry of Culture and Tourism.

Wang Dan, chief economist at Hang Seng Bank (China), attributed the tourism industry’s slow recovery to the pandemic’s prolonged impact on consumer behaviour.

“Even if there were no restrictions on interprovincial travel, many people would still be trying to avoid long-distance travel and dining out,” Wang said.

“China’s vaccination rate is growing rapidly, but the Chinese government’s zero-tolerance position on the epidemic will not change in the near future, so consumption in the next few quarters will still be suppressed,” she added.

“If the speed of the current economic slowdown becomes faster, the relaxation of fiscal policy – that is, the increase in fiscal expenditures – may come earlier,” Zhang said.