Philo Norton McGiffin helped modernise the Imperial Chinese Navy and was severely wounded during an battle against the Japanese. Photo: Courtesy of Hong Kong Maritime Museum
‘Treachery’: how US officer who fought for China in first Sino-Japanese War came to a bad end
- Unable to obtain a commission in the US Navy, naval officer Philo Norton McGiffin left America in 1885 to seek employment in China
- His story, including being seriously injured during a battle against Japanese warships, is told in a Hong Kong Maritime Museum online exhibition
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Chinese history
Philo Norton McGiffin helped modernise the Imperial Chinese Navy and was severely wounded during an battle against the Japanese. Photo: Courtesy of Hong Kong Maritime Museum