Book review: Empire of Deception - cautionary tale of 1920s greed

You've heard of Charles Ponzi, the swindler who gave big returns to early investors using money from subsequent clients. And you've heard of Bernie Madoff, imprisoned for one of the biggest Ponzi schemes in history.

Chances are you've never heard of Leo Koretz. A new book, Empire of Deception, argues that Koretz belongs with Ponzi and Madoff in the conman hall of fame.

Koretz's pyramid scheme, played out against a backdrop of crime and corruption in booming 1920s Chicago, eventually entailed millions of dollars invested in a phony agriculture and oil project on Panama's Bayano River. Early clients were paid high interest using money from the next wave of victims, which whetted their appetite for more and stoked Koretz's reputation.

Koretz excelled at hooking victims, increasing their eagerness by first turning them away. When investors travelled to Panama to check out the project, Koretz vanished, leaving behind stunned relatives and embarrassed clients - many of them wealthy despite their losses and reluctant to acknowledge that they'd been scammed.

Here the story gets even more entertaining. Koretz flees to New York, then to a Nova Scotia resort, where he resumes his lavish lifestyle under a false name. He's unmasked by an incredibly mundane detail: a jacket with his real name inside.