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Lessons from China's history
LifestyleChinese culture
Wee Kek Koon

Reflections | History of Chinese libraries, from huge palace collections to public spaces of learning

Libraries were the preserve of rulers and officials for much of China’s history, but that started to change at the turn of the 20th century

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Tianyi Pavilion in Ningbo, in China’s Zhejiang province, is one of the world’s oldest libraries still standing. Photo: Edmond So

Several weeks ago, I came across a book in the schoolbag of a kindergarten-age boy – let’s call him “Small B” – who goes to a private school in Kuala Lumpur. He had borrowed the book from the school library.

As I turned the pages of the picture book with him, I noticed that the protagonist, how she performed certain tasks, and even the physical setting of the story were not quite reflective of the boy’s lived reality.

I remember the English- and Chinese-language books that I read as a child were also divorced from my everyday life in Singapore – houses with gardens and chimneys, farmers feasting on jiaozi dumplings in celebration of festivals I had never heard of.
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But it was these “exotic” details that fuelled my imagination and piqued my curiosity about the wider world beyond my immediate ken, a curiosity that I like to think defines who I am today.

I am eternally grateful to my parents for encouraging me to read. They do not read anything other than the daily newspapers, but they made sure we had books at home. Public libraries became my favourite haunts on the weekends.

Children browse books at the Hong Kong Central Library in Tin Hau. Photo: Jelly Tse
Children browse books at the Hong Kong Central Library in Tin Hau. Photo: Jelly Tse

The Chinese have always been keen – some would say obsessive – keepers of the written word. By the Zhou dynasty (around 1046BC-256BC), there were already official archives, proto-libraries that stored treaties, maps and documents.

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