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The Lowe family reunion in China in December 2012. Photo: courtesy of Samuel Lowe's family

From Harlem to China: how an African-American tracked down her Chinese grandfather

When Paula Williams Madison traced her family history, it took her from her home in New York to Jamaica, and on to southern China. Her documentary tells an amazing story of the Hakka diaspora in the early 20th century

When she was six years old, African-American Paula Williams Madison resolved to find her mother Nell’s family because she thought it would make her mum happy.

“I would meditate and look at the sun, asking it to take me to talk to my grandfather,” Madison recalls. “I’d say, ‘How come I can’t find you?’ and I felt him say, ‘Just look for me’.”

Sadly for Madison, her mother died in 2006, five years before she embarked on a journey that would take her from the New York district of Harlem to the southern Chinese province of Guangdong.

When they were children, Nell Vera Lowe had revealed to Madison and her older brothers, Elrick Jnr and Howard, that their maternal grandfather was a Chinese man who had spent time in Jamaica. His name was Samuel Lowe. Stringing together information Madison gleaned from her mother and further research, an intriguing and complex family tale emerged.

In 1905, Lowe travelled to the Caribbean island from China to labour on sugar plantations. Chinese workers usually went there on three-year contracts, but Lowe stayed on. He became a successful businessman, setting up several grocery shops and buying land on the island.

He also hooked up with a Jamaican woman, and Madison’s mother was born in 1918. But when Nell was three years old, her parents split up. Lowe had found another woman, Emma Allison, who bore him two more children: a girl, Adassa, and a boy, Gilbert.

Samuel Lowe's headstone picture in a cemetery in Guangzhou. Photo: courtesy of Samuel Lowe's family
Madison’s grandmother was so bitter after the split that she forbade Nell from seeing her father. When she was about 15 years old, she tried to find him in one of his shops, but two uncles minding the store told her he had left Kingston for Hong Kong months earlier. He had taken Adassa – who Nell didn’t know about – with him to China.

How a Chinese-Jamaican’s family history quest led her to Hong Kong

To start a new life, Nell later emigrated to New York. There, she met and married another Jamaican immigrant, Elrick Williams Snr, who later earned high regard as the first black shop steward of his local union at United Auto Workers.

A four-year-old Paula Madison sits next to her mother Nell (left), who married Jamaican Elrick Williams (right), her brothers Howard (six) and Elrick Jnr (nine). This was taken in Harlem in 1956. Photo: courtesy of Samuel Lowe's family
Madison was born from the union but three years later her parents divorced, and the three siblings stayed with their mother. Their experience living in impoverished Harlem, saving every dime and studying hard, helped propel them to successful careers. Madison became a producer at American broadcaster NBC and went on to become an executive vice-president of the network.

At one point the three siblings owned Women’s National Basketball Association franchise the LA Sparks, and remain majority owners of The Africa Channel television network, and have a home in Martha’s Vineyard.

Despite the money, success and fame, Madison still felt there was a void she needed to fill.

“I promised myself that I would retire at 58, and look for my grandfather,” she says in a WeChat conversation from Los Angeles.

So in 2011, the year before she retired, Madison and her two siblings attended a Hakka conference in the Canadian city of Toronto, knowing that Lowe had belonged to the Chinese ethnic group. One of the organisers was a Chinese man who also had Jamaican roots and the surname Lowe. He turned out to be a distant relative, and the meeting provided them with a major breakthrough in tracking down their family members on the other side of the world.

Madison in the shop that her grandfather Samuel Lowe used to own in St Ann’s Bay, Jamaica. Photo: courtesy of Samuel Lowe's family
The siblings’ search for grandfather Lowe’s Chinese descendants took them to Kingston in Jamaica, and to Shenzhen and Guangzhou in southern China, and is recorded in the documentary Finding Samuel Lowe: From Harlem to China, which will be screened at the Asia Society in Hong Kong this month. Madison will be in town for the local premiere.

One of the first stops in the search was Kingston, where they located one of their grandfather’s shops. In a scene from the documentary, they enter the empty space and Madison begins to weep.

“I was physically in his [my grandfather’s] space and I was overcome. I wanted to pray and talk to him but I was sobbing,” she recalls. “I imagined my mother trying to find him, coming here, and her uncles tell her he’s left and give her a pair of pearl earrings he left for her.”

Madison with her uncle Chow Woo at the family temple, Lowe Swee Hap in Shenzhen. Photo: courtesy of Samuel Lowe's family
In another pivotal moment in the film, Madison finds her oldest living Lowe relatives – uncle Chow Woo (Lowe’s son by a Chinese woman) and aunt Adassa, and meets them in her Shenzhen hotel lobby. Aunt Adassa never knew about Nell, so was surprised to learn there were relatives in the US looking for them.
I am black and Chinese. If I can find my family, you can too
Paula Williams Madison

Madison remembers being both nervous and excited beforehand, but upon meeting them, a sense of peace came over her.

“It was an out-of-body experience – I felt like I was floating above watching like a film. We exchanged photos of my grandfather and my mother, and they agreed she looked like him.”

Madison says her mother always seemed sad because her own mother didn’t want her, while her father wanted her but couldn’t find her. “That’s why family was so important to her. It was something she wished for but didn’t get,” Madison says.

Madison and her Chinese cousin Lau Kim-yuet. Photo: courtesy of Samuel Lowe's family
Since first meeting her Chinese relatives in August 2012, Madison has returned on average twice a year, taking her two older brothers and their extended families for a large reunion. She even found her late uncle Gilbert’s children in the US, and travelled with them to Shenzhen to meet the extended Lowe clan.

Each time Madison returned home to California, she would receive WeChat voice mail or text messages from uncle Chow Woo asking when she would be back again. And each time she visits, she feels right at home, despite the language barrier.

They have visited Lowe’s grave in Guangzhou, and the family ancestral hall in Shenzhen, making her feel even more connected to the grandfather she never knew. Her uncle gave the three siblings Chinese names, and included them in the family tree.

A family portrait taken in 1929 with Lowe (Lowe Ding Chow), his wife, Ho Swee Yin and sons Chow Woo, Chow Kong and Chow Ying. Photo: courtesy of Samuel Lowe's family
In January 2015, her 96-year-old aunt Adassa died; a year later, when Madison, her siblings and their families went to China in 2016 to meet all eight descendants of Lowe’s children and to celebrate the Lunar New Year with more than 100 of their cousins, her uncle Chow Woo died, aged 91, just before the festivities began.

Ironically, the hard-nosed journalist hadn’t been keen to make the documentary of them finding their grandfather – it was too personal – but her brother Elrick insisted. “That’s why, when they interview me, I’m sometimes wearing make-up, sometimes not, but sounding nasal all the time because I’d been crying so much.”

Madison has no qualms telling people about her Chinese ancestry, although it surprises many that there were mixed marriages in the early 20th century.

Nell Vera Lowe Williams in Jamaica in the 1940s. Photo: courtesy of Samuel Lowe's family
“I can’t tell you how many people were amazed that my mother was half Chinese in 1918. At that time, Chinese men weren’t allowed to bring their wives and children [to the US] so they made second families. They had relationships with native American women, Mexicans and blacks.”

Looking back, Madison believes she had been preparing to find her grandfather’s family all her life, having majored in history with a focus on Caribbean and Chinese history at Vassar College in New York, followed by journalism school.

“By 2012 I had accumulated and followed a paper trail. I was a historian, I interviewed people. And then when I found my relatives, I realised that I had been preparing myself for this.”

Chinese and American relatives visit Lowe's grave in Guangzhou in 2012. Photo: courtesy of Samuel Lowe's family
Since she began screening the documentary in 2013, Madison has had many viewers tell her similar stories, or ask how they could begin finding relatives they didn’t know much about.

She encourages them to keep looking because new information can come up every day.

“I am black and Chinese. If I can find my family, you can too,” she says.

She recommends searching FamilySearch.org, which is historically known as the Genealogical Society of Utah, and has collected family records for more than 100 years.

“These are documents kept by the Mormons and a year ago they released documents on freed slaves. Some 300,000 people are constantly uploading information,” she explains. “Just because you didn’t find information last week you should try again. Mormons also collected Chinese legacy books in China. They have collected them for decades.”

Madison’s next project is to find out more about her father’s father. “I’m going to Jamaica to visit Mocho Clarendon, where my paternal grandmother grew up. It’s about half a kilometre from where my grandfather’s shop was. Maybe my grandmother shopped in Samuel Lowe’s shop and then 20 years later their children meet in Kingston. This to me is fascinating.”

Finding Samuel Lowe: From Harlem to China, May 26, 6.30pm-9pm, Asia Society Hong Kong Centre, 9 Justice Drive, Admiralty, tel: 2103 9511; asiasociety.org/hong-kong

This article appeared in the South China Morning Post print edition as: All’s well that blends well
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