When the pandemic hobbled Saudi Arabia’s plans to become a global tourism hub just months after opening its borders for the first time, officials looked for the bright side. There won’t be any foreign holidaymakers sunning on the kingdom’s beaches this summer. But there’s a new market to woo: Saudis trapped at home. Along with countries around the world that are trying to recoup some of their tourism losses through domestic travel, the government leaned into the disruption, stoking patriotic sentiment with calls for a “Saudi summer”. “The amount of constraint that people are feeling, the suffocation – this is a chance,” Fahd Hamidaddin, chief executive of the Saudi Tourism Authority, said during a video conference to announce the strategy. The novel coronavirus has decimated tourism, putting a giant dent into the tenth of global economic output that the industry accounts for. International tourist arrivals fell 97 per cent in April, and the World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC) foresees about 100 million job losses – in a best-case scenario – as border closures , health fears, bankrupt hotels and airlines and income constraints keep travellers at home. There is a clear opportunity for some countries to soften the blow of lost inbound demand by encouraging residents to holiday at home David Goodger, Europe and Middle East managing director at Tourism Economics But tourism hotspots won’t be hit equally, and some larger economies – like Saudi Arabia, China , Russia , Britain and Germany – are hopeful they can reduce the pain by capturing domestic spending that normally goes abroad. “There is a clear opportunity for some countries to soften the blow of lost inbound demand by encouraging residents to holiday at home,” said David Goodger, Europe and Middle East managing director at Tourism Economics, a unit of Oxford Economics. “Countries with large outbound travel markets and which typically run a tourism deficit are best placed to benefit from this trend,” he said – though he cautioned that any advantage will be relative. Take Russia, whose citizens typically spend about US$20 billion more abroad each year than Russia earns from incoming travel, for example. In the Krasnodar region, on the Black Sea coast, hotel reservations are flooding in, according to Delfin, one of the biggest tour operators there. “June was almost a total disaster, but July will be even better than last year,” said Delfin’s head, Sergey Romashkin. Moscow office worker Anastasiya Kulagina planned to spend her summer holiday in Tuscany, Italy, dropping about US$6,000 for a three-week stay. Instead, the 36-year-old is considering Yalta, in the Crimea, which Russian President Vladimir Putin annexed from Ukraine in 2014. Despite a freshwater shortage there and the fact that the Black Sea’s city’s hospitality infrastructure dates largely to the Cold War era, Kulagina was disappointed to see prices were about the same as in Tuscany. But she has few other options. In Australia, sealed borders are enabling some regional operators to tap a wealthy and previously unattainable market. “It’s just been incredible,” said Steve Hinks, who directs Taronga Western Plains Zoo in Dubbo, a five-hour drive from Sydney. He reckoned that the zoo, which provides luxury camping among animals from around the globe, has never fielded so many inquires in such a short space of time. “If we seize this opportunity and ‘wow’ these visitors then we have the chance to keep them again into the future,” he said. Future of Thai tourism industry is in Chinese hands, and phones For much of the world, though, tourists staying closer to home will create a loss of revenue that domestic travellers couldn’t possibly make up – especially in places dependent on foreign-exchange income that have limited domestic spending power. Countries such as the Maldives, where tourism accounts for over half of gross domestic product, or island nations in the Caribbean, where beaches have gone empty, will suffer. In Turkey, it could take as long as three years for the industry to recover, according to Emre Narin, chief executive of Marti Hotels & Marinas, which operates six hotels and a marina. Around 8 million Turks travelled within the country last year, compared with 50 million foreign visitors the country was expecting this year. “ Domestic tourism cannot possibly replace that kind of a market,” Narin said. Destinations that rely more on domestic and short-haul tourism – like Japan and Mexico – will be more resilient to the downturn, Goodger said. China falls into that category and, according to leading Chinese one-stop travel service provider Trip.com, domestic tourism is already making a strong recovery, with travellers particularly interested in high-end hotels, recreational-vehicle tourism, hiking, themed tours and high-end family tours. As to countries that have a new “domestic opportunity”, though, Britain tops Goodger’s list. Overall, Covid-19 means that global tourism spending – both domestic and international – will be significantly lower in 2020, and he doesn’t expect it to recover to 2019 levels until 2023 . As government support and job retention schemes come to an end, the world may see further spikes in job losses, Goodger said. Japan to give people US$190 a day to boost domestic travel Gloria Guevara Manzo, president of the WTTC, said she sees no real winners. “The reality is you don’t spend the same amount travelling in your country as you do abroad,” she said. In Saudi Arabia, domestic trips won’t make up for the suspension of religious tourism to the Islamic holy sites of Mecca and Medina. Yet officials are full of optimism at the chance to convince Saudis that there’s beauty in their own country – a relatively new concept to many. In one local joke, a foreigner arrives in Riyadh and asks his taxi driver for his favourite local spot. The driver responds: “the airport.” But non-religious tourism is so underdeveloped that there’s little to lose. Hamidaddin said he’d be happy to attract just 5 per cent of the Saudi tourists who normally go abroad. Among them is Faisal Almshari, 34, who would usually spend the summer travelling Europe. This year, he’s looking at the mountains of southern Saudi Arabia. And not just for fun – he hopes to make some money from it. “I was really surprised,” Almshari said, describing the experience of scoping out sites for summer hiking trips to expand his fledgling tour business. “We don’t need to go abroad.”