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Jason Wordie

Then & NowMessages from behind the Bamboo Curtain: how letters were smuggled into and out of China during communist isolation

During China’s years of isolation from the 1950s to the late 1970s, its people found ingenious but highly risky ways to communicate with loved ones outside the country

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Hong Kong border police patrol the boundary between the territory and China at Sha Tau Kok in the 1960s. Communist China was never as isolated as were the communist countries behind Europe’s Iron Curtain. Photo: SCMP
In 1946, during a visit to the United States, former British prime minister Winston Churchill gave a memorable speech about the advance of post-war commu­nist total­itarian­ism in Europe at a college in Fulton, Missouri. This address first deployed the chilling phrase that would loom menacingly for the next 50 years – the “Iron Curtain”.
Winston Churchill coined the phrase Iron Curtain, but the Asian equivalent was never as impenetrable as that surrounding Eastern Europe. Photo: Alamy
Winston Churchill coined the phrase Iron Curtain, but the Asian equivalent was never as impenetrable as that surrounding Eastern Europe. Photo: Alamy

Not unnaturally, when the Communists assumed power in China in 1949, the “Bamboo Curtain” became the Asian equivalent. But like all easy labels, this phrase obscured as much as it illuminated. The Bamboo Curtain was more porous than its European counterpart; during communist China’s years of relative isolation, from the early 1950s until the late 1970s, there was greater connection with the rest of the world than is widely believed.

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How did those who left China with the Communist Party’s assumption of power commu­nicate with those who remained behind? Until the late 1950s, there was considerable human traffic between China and the wider world. British diplomatic recognition of the Communist regime in 1950 meant that mail services, while subject to surveillance at both ends, continued from British territories such as Hong Kong and Singapore – a tremendous boon for those with relatives outside China.

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