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Playboy, bon vivant and the last emperor of Vietnam, Bao Dai chafed at his role as France’s puppet

While Bao Dai, who died 20 years ago this week, enjoyed the high life in Hong Kong and elsewhere, he did try to play his part during Vietnam’s most violent and troubled years amid the two Indochina wars

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The Imperial Palace in Hue is a popular tourist attraction. Picture: AFP
Stuart Heaver

Twenty years ago tomorrow, the last emperor of Vietnam died peacefully and without ceremony in a military hospital in Paris, aged 83.

Bao Dai, or the “keeper of greatness”, was the 13th and last monarch of the Nguyen dynasty, and more famous for his lurid and extra­vagant lifestyle – he was exiled in Hong Kong for several years – than for his statesmanship during some of the most turbulent and bloody years in his nation’s history, the years of the liberation war against the French and civil war between north and south.

“He became far better known for his leisure activities,” is how the New York Times put it in his obituary.

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Born in 1913, within the walls of the magnificent Imperial Palace in the city of Hue, on the banks of the Perfume River, Bao Dai was educated in France and quickly developed a reputation as an adventurer, philanderer, hunter, movie fan, gambler and playboy.

Bao Dai with his father, Emperor Khai Dinh, who died in 1925. Picture: AFP
Bao Dai with his father, Emperor Khai Dinh, who died in 1925. Picture: AFP
He was the King of Annam (as the French protectorate in central Vietnam was known) from 1925 to 1945, when he abdicated, only to return as head of the Associated State of Vietnam from 1950 to 1955.
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History has not been especially kind to Bao Dai, who is commonly portrayed as a carefully trained pet monarch.

“The indolent puppet emperor,” as American journalist Stanley Karnow describes him in his book Vietnam a History (1983), was retained by his French masters (who had made Vietnam a protectorate in 1858) to counter rumblings of nationalism and anti-colonialism in French Indochina.

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