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Life.Culture.Discovery.

Reflections | The Christian converts in Ming dynasty China who made the religion respectable there and the millions of Chinese who will celebrate Christmas

  • Christianity took proper root in China thanks to 16th century Jesuit missionaries. Among their influential converts was a minister of the Ming emperor’s court
  • Today, at least 44 million Chinese Christians in China and millions more elsewhere celebrate Christmas, or the Festival of the Holy Birth

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Chinese Catholics attend a Christmas Eve mass at a church in Beijing. Christianity took root in China in the 16th century thanks to Jesuit missionaries who made converts of prominent people, but first reached China nearly 1,000 years earlier. Photo: EPA-EFE

Christmas is fast approaching and as we plan for the festivities, let’s not forget what Christmas is about.

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For Christians, it marks the birth of Jesus Christ. For others, it’s a hope for peace on earth and goodwill to all humankind. Christmas isn’t just about binge shopping, partying and getting wasted under the table. These can be done any other day, but some of us are far too susceptible to the insidious nudging by retailers and food and beverage outlets.

I used to be a Christian but presently I’d describe myself as agnostic. My Christian journey in my teens was brief but intense. I went to church more often than necessary, I proselytised, and I read the Bible daily as well as any book on Christianity that I could get my hands on.

Perhaps it was the latter that unravelled my faith. The careful reading of these books, the Bible included, convinced me that the irrationality and contradictions within the religion required a huge and unquestioning leap of faith from its adherents, a leap that I was not ready to take.

An engraving of Matteo Ricci, a 16th century Jesuit missionary in China, by Adolphe Boucher. Photo: Getty Images
An engraving of Matteo Ricci, a 16th century Jesuit missionary in China, by Adolphe Boucher. Photo: Getty Images

The Christian religion, in the form of Nestorian Christianity, arrived in China in the early 7th century, but the nascent church practically died out there because of natural attrition and sporadic persecution. It was almost a thousand years later, in the Ming dynasty, that the Roman Catholic Church, riding on the wave of the European age of exploration, laid the foundation of Christianity in modern China.

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Besides making Christians out of many ordinary people, Jesuit missionaries such as Matteo Ricci (known in China by his Chinese name Li Madou) were also successful in converting individuals who were highly placed in Chinese society and government.
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