The internet boom in foreigners teaching China’s children online

Hardly anyone bothered to learn English when Wu Wenhua was growing up in 1980s China. But now that she has an 11-year-old son, Wu believes knowing the language is key to opening doors.

So Wu, 38, signed Ryan up for an online service called VIPKid, that connects Chinese children with US teachers for one-on-one classes . With Ryan now top of his class at school, Wu is satisfied – or at least as much as a determined Beijing mother can be. “He recently got 99 out of 100,” she said, grimacing slightly. “He does pretty well.”

Parents like Wu are fuelling an education boom in China that is having global repercussions.

Millions of children are pouring into classes for English, maths and the sciences to gain the skills they need in a knowledge economy. Chinese parents have always prioritised academic achievement, now they have the means to invest in extracurricular education, propelling a domestic market that the banking group UBS says will double to US$165 billion within five years.

Leading players such as New Oriental Education & Technology Group and TAL Education Group have gone public in the US and seen their shares soar.

Now, online start-ups are gaining ground with parents who grew up in the internet era and see advantages in digital learning. Beijing-based VIPKid has expanded to 200,000 students and just raised venture money at a valuation of more than US$1.5 billion.

“Chinese parents have high expectations for their children. Everyone wants their kids to get into Tsinghua or Peking University,” said Edwin Chen, an analyst with UBS Securities. “This is creating huge demand.”

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In the West, early efforts at online education floundered. The technology wasn’t good enough and there was significant institutional resistance. Many remain unpersuaded that digital instruction can replace the traditional classroom. In China, however, a combination of factors have given online schools a boost.

Finding good teachers can be a challenge, especially in subjects like English and in places beyond the biggest cities, while internet access and mobile services have spread widely. For the nation’s education obsessed tiger mums and dads, it is worth the risk to prepare their children for a high-tech future.

Sceptics believe online education will probably remain a small part of the overall industry, but Curtis Johnson, an author who has championed online teaching, is convinced that global adoption is coming, owing in part to experiments in nations like China. “This is just as inevitable as watching movies or listening to music or reading the news online,” said Johnson.

Chinese parents currently pay for fewer extracurricular classes than their Asian neighbours. About 37 per cent of kids in China received tutoring last year, compared with the 70 per cent in places like Japan, Taiwan and South Korea, according to UBS. But the research firm projects that ratio will hit 50 per cent in five years, during which time the Chinese government expects the number of children attending kindergarten through 12th grade to swell to almost 200 million.

Traditional tutoring companies, with bricks-and-mortar classrooms, are already cashing in. New Oriental, founded by Peking University professor Yu Minhong in 1993, is projected to reach revenue of US$2.2 billion in the current fiscal year. TAL Education, which opened its doors about a decade later, now has more than 500 learning centres in about 50 cities and is expected to boost revenue to US$1.7 billion this fiscal year.

VIPKid has set itself apart by recruiting American teachers and positioning its services as similar to the education in top US schools. Cindy Mi, the start-up’s 34-year-old founder, argues that teaching online allows the kind of data analysis and scientific review that will lead to fundamental improvements in education. She’s now expanding internationally and bringing her approach to the US. The Beijing-based start-up has become one of the fastest-growing companies in the industry, with revenue on pace to reach 5 billion yuan (US$765 million) this year.

Many Chinese parents see advantages in learning online. For one thing, they don’t have to drive their children to a classroom across town. For another, there are bragging rights associated with hiring an American teacher.

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Gong Aihua, a 35-year-old mother in the southern city of Shenzhen, heard parents were placing their children in English class even before they started junior school. Gong didn’t want her only son to fall behind. She checked out VIPKid’s videos at the suggestion of a friend and then booked classes for her child, Noah, who was four at the time. “Right now it seems that all the kids are learning English,” Gong said. “I’d say about 50 per cent of my friends are sending their kids to English classes.”

Offline schools are slightly more expensive, but what she really likes about online classes is all the data. “With VIPKid, you can see what your kid has learned, what needs to be improved and you can understand his progress,” she said. “At other schools you can’t fully grasp the situation.”

VIPKid’s growing popularity has not gone unnoticed. New Oriental and TAL Education have both been pouring money into online courses and highlighted these investments on earnings calls. iTutorGroup, which began with adult education online, relaunched its services for kindergarten through 12th grade under the VIP Junior brand in January. Adverts featuring basketball star and sponsor Yao Ming are plastered all over buses in Beijing and other major Chinese cities.

iTutorGroup, which also counts Goldman Sachs and Temasek among its backers, was founded in 1999 and reached a valuation of more than US$1 billion in 2015. It is determined not to fall behind a company 14 years its junior. “We are the first to have a 24/7 proprietary network for teaching online,” said Paul Keung, its chief financial officer. “We also don’t limit you to teachers in the US, we let you connect with great native speakers all over the world.”

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To stay ahead of rivals, VIPKid has set up a research institute tasked with making online teaching more effective. Leading the effort are Rob Hutter, a Silicon Valley venture capitalist, and Bruce McCandliss, a professor at Stanford’s graduate school of education.

With some two million classes offered each month, VIPKid offers researchers a vast trove of data to analyse. In the past, McCandliss said, studies of education techniques were limited to dozens or scores of pupils. “Now you have hundreds of thousands of students working with thousands of teachers,” he said, which makes it possible to home in on specific details – syntax, vocabulary, accent – and fine tune lessons for individual students. Eventually, McCandliss said, the immense data crunching power of artificial intelligence could be unleashed on web learning.

That future is probably years off. In the meantime, start-ups like VIPKid have to prove they are more than a passing fad. Already, some Chinese parents are souring on the experience. Jean Liu tried several online schools and then moved her eight-year-old daughter back to the classroom. The Beijing mother noticed that services tend to deploy their best teachers in adverts and introductory courses. But once you sign up, she said, the “good teachers aren’t usually available”. Liu also thinks it is difficult for youngsters to sit in front of a computer for a whole hour. “You can’t really make it too difficult, especially for young kids,” she said. “Offline, you can do much more. Kids can break up into groups and act out the stories they just heard, for example.” 

And while many parents like VIPKid’s one-to-one teacher-student ratio, as the start-up signs up more children it faces a challenge in lining up enough instructors to teach them. Chen, the UBS analyst, questions whether the business model can ever be as robust as one teacher leading a group of paying students. “It’s difficult to scale up because one teacher can only teach one student at a certain period of time,’’ Chen said.

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Mi is undaunted. She says there are millions of qualified US teachers who have left the profession or are looking for extra work so shortages are not a concern. Her company just raised US$200 million, allowing her to step up investments in marketing, engineers and research. Perched on a couch at her overcrowded office in a former Taoist temple, she ticks through all the new features and products the company is introducing – a  teacher recommendation service much like the one Amazon uses to suggest movies, a star system so parents can rate those teachers and data analysis that tells parents how their children are progressing. Mi expects to sign up one million students by 2019 and says 10 million is probably not that far off.

“Our vision is to be the best K-12 education globally,” she says. “Over the long term, this can go beyond anything we can imagine.”