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Patrick Boehler


One year ago, North Korea's first all-girl band made its world debut.
The toe-tapping Moranbong had put on a performance that the secretive nation's state news agency called "unique, peculiar and modern".
"Just 10 odd musicians presented such sublime, rich and thrilling melodies as those of a grand orchestra with refined rendition while young singers sang songs in an emotional and cheerful manner," the Korean Central News Agency said.
One year on, Moranbong has come to represent a change in leadership style heralded by young dictator Kim Jong-un, who has been ruling the country's 24 million people since his father's death 19 months ago.
Kim's answer to South Korea's K-pop has been touring military barracks and performing for the "dear respected Marshal", with instrumental versions of Frank Sinatra's My Way, the Rocky theme song and pop renditions of propaganda songs such as Our Dear Leader! and Do Prosper, Era of the Workers' Party.

To play with such quality by memorizing the scores and without conductor and requires "very arduous and systematic training," said Shirley Cheung, a senior lecturer at Hong Kong's Vocational Training Council. 
They "function as the living embodiment of Kim Jong-un's signature kind of Euro-lite culture that seems to be making its way into ruling circles", said Adam Cathcart, a long-time North Korea watcher and lecturer of Asian history at Queen's University in Belfast, Northern Ireland.
"Their sound definitely grows out of the state-sanctioned popular music and style" developed by two earlier state-sanctioned bands, the Poch'onbo Electronic Ensemble and the Wangjaesan band, said Donna Lee Kwon, an expert in ethnomusicology at the University of Kentucky. "Moranbong is significant in that it is a major addition to this very small group of ensembles that produce 'popular' music in North Korea."
"The songs are more or less similar to Chinese and Japanese pop songs of the 1980s," said Cheung. "It seems a bit disconnected to the trend of Asian pop music nowadays."

In September, the band performed its most bizarre concert yet. Moranbong shared the stage with dancing Mickey and Minnie Mouse, Winnie the Pooh and Tigger in a show that was broadcast on North Korean national television. Walt Disney Company later said it had not authorised the use of the cartoon figures, which at times gestured like symphony conductors to the girl band.
The dozen or so musicians are also in the spotlight at events that have clear foreign policy messages.
At this year's New Year's concert, Kim projected a short film that simulated a nuclear attack on the United States while the girl band played tunes reminiscent of cold war-era musical tastes. The video clip, shot as a dream sequence, shows a city resembling New York on fire; it came at a time when Kim left the world speculating about a possible nuclear test. 
In July last year, Kim had the band perform War Song of the Chinese People's Volunteers and the theme song to Chinese television series Mao Anying, which "gave a good artistic representation of the historic fact that armies and peoples of the two countries fought against the imperialists, their common enemy", said state media.

The girl band is named after the Moranbong district in the capital Pyongyang, the site of the Chinese embassy and where Kim's grandfather, Kim Il-sung, delivered his first speech after occupying Pyongyang.
The band's name is an incidental analogy to Gangam Syle. The name picked by South Korean K-Pop star Psy for his superhit last year refers to a hip district in Seoul, the southern capital. 
For Kwon, the girl band is a sign of improvement in women's status in the repressive regime. "They are putting women front and centre in a new way, promoting a less conservative image of women," she said. "They are showcasing women as virtuosic instrumentalists who are extremely accomplished on their respective instruments."
But Cathcart warned against reading too much into the women's prominence.
"Putting women 'front and centre' doesn't mean [Pyongyang is] particularly progressive," he said. "There is a kind of uncomfortable mix of exuded North Korean-style sexiness along with obvious military boosterism."


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Kim Jong-un

Moranbong style: North Korea's first girl band may be a sign of change

The Moranbong band seen performing at a concert to celebrate a successful rocket launch earlier this year. Screenshot from North Korean television

Kim Jong-un reacting to the first Moranbong concert, July 6, 2013. Screenshot from North Korean television

Kim Jong-un seen attending a Moranbong concert, Aug 25, 2012. Screenshot from North Korean television

An unlicensed version of Winnie the Pooh performing with the Moranbong band, September 2012. Screenshot from North Korean television.

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A year since their world debut, the musicians have been front and centre of Pyongyang cultural and political efforts


A year since their world debut, Moranbong has come to represent a change in leadership style heralded by young dictator Kim Jong-un, who has been ruling the country's 24 million people since his father's death 19 months ago.


North Korea