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A North Korean soldier on the shore of the Yalu River on the border between China and North Korea. The only way to locate and destroy with complete certainty all components of North Korea’s nuclear weapons programme is through a ground invasion. File photo: Kyodo

Securing North Korea’s nukes would require a US ground invasion, Pentagon says

Any operation to pursue North Korean nuclear weapons would likely be spearheaded by US Special Operations troops

The only way to locate and secure all of North Korea’s nuclear weapons sites “with complete certainty” is through an invasion of US ground forces, and in the event of conflict, Pyongyang could use biological and chemical weapons, the Pentagon told lawmakers in a new, blunt assessment of what war on the Korean Peninsula might look like.

The Pentagon, in a letter to lawmakers, said that a full discussion of US capabilities to “counter North Korea’s ability to respond with a nuclear weapon and to eliminate North Korea’s nuclear weapons located in deeply buried, underground facilities” was best suited for a classified briefing.

The letter also said that Pentagon leaders “assess that North Korea may consider the use of biological weapons” and that the country “has a long-standing chemical weapons programme with the capability to produce nerve, blister, blood and choking agents.”

The Pentagon repeated that a detailed discussion of how the United States would respond to the threat could not be discussed in public.

The letter was written by Rear Admiral Michael Dumont, the vice director of the Pentagon’s Joint Staff, in response to a request for information from two Democratic congressmen about “expected casualty assessments in a conflict with North Korea”, including for civilians and US and allied forces in South Korea, Japan and Guam.

“A decision to attack or invade another country will have ramifications for our troops and taxpayers, as well as the region, for decades,” Ted Lieu and Ruben Gallego wrote to the Pentagon.

“We have not heard detailed analysis of expected US or allied force casualties, expected civilian casualties, what plans exist for the aftermath of a strike - including continuity of the South Korean Government.”

The Pentagon said that calculating “best- or worst-case casualty scenarios” was challenging and would depend on the “nature, intensity and duration” of a North Korean attack; how much warning civilians would have to get to the thousands of shelters in South Korea; and the ability of US and South Korean forces to respond to North Korean artillery, rockets and ballistic missiles with their own retaliatory barrage and air strikes.

The letter noted that Seoul, the South Korean capital, was a densely populated area with 25 million residents.

Watch: new stealth sub could give US edge over North Korea

Any operation to pursue North Korean nuclear weapons would likely be spearheaded by US Special Operations troops.

Last year, President Barack Obama and then-Defence Secretary Ashton Carter gave US Special Operations Command a new, leading role coordinating the Pentagon’s effort to counter weapons of mass destruction. SOCOM did not receive any new legal authorities for the mission but gained influence in how the military responds to such threats.

Elite US forces have long trained to respond in the case of a so-called “loose nuke” in the hands of terrorists. But senior officials said SOCOM was increasingly focused on North Korea.

Dumont said the military backed the current US strategy on North Korea, which was led by Secretary of State Rex Tillerson and focused on ratcheting up economic and diplomatic pressure as the primary effort to get North Korean leader Kim Jong-un to stop developing nuclear weapons.

US President Donald Trump has taunted Kim Jong-un as ‘Rocket Man’ and expressed frustration with diplomatic efforts. Photo: AP

Tillerson, Defence Secretary Jim Mattis and the Joint Chiefs of Staff chairman, General Joseph Dunford Jnr, have emphasised that during trips to Seoul this year.

In contrast, US President Donald Trump, who goes unmentioned in the Pentagon letter, has taunted Kim as “Rocket Man” and expressed frustration with diplomatic efforts, hinting that he is considering pre-emptive military force.

Mattis and other Pentagon leaders have often cited the grave threat faced by Seoul, but the military much less frequently draws attention to its plans for an underground hunt for nuclear weapons.

Air Force Colonel Patrick Ryder, a Pentagon spokesman, said that Dumont and other Pentagon officials had no additional comment about the letter.

A senior US military official in South Korea, speaking on the condition of anonymity to discuss ongoing operations, said that while the 28,500 US troops in South Korea maintain a high degree of readiness, he “has to believe” that North Korea does not want a war, given all of the nations aligned against it.

A US Army soldier fires his machine gun during a joint military exercise between the US and South Korea at the Rodriquez Multi-Purpose Range Complex in Pocheon, South Korea. Photo: AP

“If you open the history books, this is not the first time that we’ve been in a heavy provocation cycle,” the official said. On the side of South Korea and the United States, he said, “there is no action taken without extreme consideration of not putting this in a position where a fight is going to happen.”

Dumont’s letter also notes that “we have not seen any change in the offensive posture of North Korea’s forces.”

A statement by 16 lawmakers, released simultaneously with the Pentagon letter, urged Trump to stop making “provocative statements” that impede diplomatic efforts and risk the lives of US troops.

The Pentagon’s “assessment underscores what we’ve known all along: There are no good military options for North Korea,” said the statement, organised by Lieu and Gallego and signed by 14 other members of Congress who are veterans, all but one of them Democrats.

In a telephone interview, Lieu said that the intent of asking the Pentagon for information was to spell out the cataclysmic consequences of war with North Korea and the aftermath.

A US B-1B Lancer bomber, US F-35B stealth jet fighters (bottom) and South Korean F-15K fighter jets (top) fly over South Korea during a joint military drill. Photo: AFP

“It’s important for people to understand what a war with a nuclear power would look like,” said Lieu, citing estimates of 300,000 dead in the first few days alone. More than 100,000 Americans are potentially at risk.

Lieu, who spent part of his time in the Air Force on Guam preparing for military action against North Korea, called the letter a confirmation that a conflict would result in a “bloody, protracted ground war.” The Joint Chiefs, he believed, were “trying to send a message to the American public,” he said.

“This is grim,” Lieu said.

“We need to understand what war means. And it hasn’t been articulated very well. I think they’re trying to articulate some of that.”

The Pentagon letter also noted the possibility of “opposition from China or Russia”.

“The Department of Defence maintains a set of up-to-date contingency plans to secure our vital national security interests,” Dumont wrote.

“These plans account for a wide range of possibilities, including third-party intervention, and address how best to ‘contain escalation.’ ”

The letter says that both “Russia or China may prefer to avoid conflict with the United States, or possibly cooperate with us.”

This article appeared in the South China Morning Post print edition as: invasion key to nix nuclear weapons
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