South Korea’s Yoon warns of military build-up if China doesn’t keep North Korea in check

The South Korean president warned of an influx of military assets if Beijing does not make its ‘best efforts’ to get North Korea to denuclearise
In a wide-ranging interview, Yoon also touched upon South Korea’s role in a possible Taiwan conflict and brought up increased cooperation with Japan

South Korea

Reuters

Published: 9:33am, 29 Nov 2022

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South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol warned of an unprecedented joint response with allies if North Korea goes ahead with a nuclear test, and urged China to help dissuade the North from pursuing banned development of nuclear weapons and missiles.

In a wide-ranging interview, Yoon called on China, North Korea’s closest ally, to fulfil its responsibilities as a permanent member of the UN Security Council. He said not doing so would lead to an influx of military assets to the region.

“What is sure is that China has the capability to influence North Korea, and China has the responsibility to engage in the process,” Yoon said in his office on Monday. It was up to Beijing to decide whether it would exert that influence for peace and stability, he added.

North Korea’s actions were leading to increased defence spending in countries around the region, including Japan, and more deployment of American warplanes and ships, Yoon noted.

South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol called on Beijing to dissuade North Korea from developing nuclear weapons. Photo: Reuters

It is in China’s interest to make its “best efforts” to induce North Korea to denuclearise, he said.

When asked what South Korea and its allies, the United States and Japan, would do if North Korea conducts a new nuclear test, Yoon said the response “will be something that has not been seen before”, but declined to elaborate what that would entail.

“It would be extremely unwise for North Korea to conduct a seventh nuclear test,” he said.

Amid a record year for missile tests, North Korean leader Kim Jong-un said this week his country intends to have the world’s most powerful nuclear force. South Korean and US officials say Pyongyang may be preparing to resume testing nuclear bombs for the first time since 2017.

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North Korea’s tests overshadowed multiple gatherings of international leaders this month, including the Group of 20 conference in Bali, where Yoon pressed Chinese President Xi Jinping to do more to rein in North Korea’s nuclear and missile provocations. Xi urged Seoul to improve relations with Pyongyang.

Ahead of the G20, US President Joe Biden told Xi that Beijing had an obligation to attempt to talk North Korea out of conducting a seventh nuclear test, although he said it was unclear whether China had the ability to do so. Biden’s national security adviser, Jake Sullivan, said before the meeting that Biden would warn Xi that North Korea’s continued pursuit of weapons development would lead to an enhanced US military presence in the region, something Beijing is not keen to see.

South Korea and the US have agreed to deploy more US “strategic assets” such as aircraft carriers and long-range bombers to the area, but Yoon said he did not expect changes to the 28,500 American ground forces stationed in South Korea.

“We must respond consistently, and in lockstep with each other,” Yoon said, blaming a lack of consistency in the international response for the failure of three decades of North Korea policy.

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China fought beside the North in the 1950-53 Korean war and has backed it economically and diplomatically ever since but analysts say Beijing may have limited power, and perhaps little desire, to curb Pyongyang. China says it enforces the UNSC sanctions, which it voted for, but has since called for them to be eased and, along with Russia, blocked US-led attempts to impose new sanctions.

Boosting ties and coordination with Washington is the core of Yoon’s foreign policy, a focus highlighted by the main item on his desk: a sign saying “The Buck Stops Here”, a gift from Biden.

Like his predecessor, Moon Jae-in, Yoon has tread cautiously amid rising US-China rivalry. China is South Korea’s largest trading partner, as well as a close partner of North Korea.

On rising tensions between Beijing and Taiwan, Yoon said any conflict there should be resolved according to international norms and rules.

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The self-ruled island has come under increasing military and political pressure from Beijing, which views Taiwan as a breakaway province that must be reunified with the mainland – by force if necessary.

“I am firmly opposed to any attempt to change the status quo unilaterally,” Yoon said.

When asked about any role in a Taiwan conflict for South Korea or the US troops stationed there, Yoon said the country’s forces would “consider the overall security situation” but their most imminent concern would be any North Korean military actions to take advantage of the situation.

“What is important is responding to the imminent threat surrounding us and controlling the possible threat,” he said.

Yoon, US President Joe Biden and Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida take part in trilateral talks in Phnom Penh earlier this month. Photo: Kyodo

Yoon has also made increasing cooperation with Japan a core goal, despite lingering legal and political disputes dating back to Japan’s 1910-1945 occupation of the Korean peninsula.

South Korea, Japan, and the US have agreed to share real time information for tracking North Korean ballistic missile tests.

As part of its biggest military expansion since World War Two, Japan is expected to procure fresh munitions, including longer-range missiles, spend on cyber defences and create a combined air, sea and land command headquarters that will work more closely with US forces in Japan.

Japan’s military ambitions have long been a sensitive issue in neighbouring countries, many of which were invaded by it before or during World War II.

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Yoon’s predecessor stopped many of the trilateral exercises and nearly left an intelligence sharing deal with Tokyo as relations soured.

Now Japan faced more threats from North Korea’s missile programme, including tests that overfly Japanese islands, Yoon said.

“I believe the Japanese government cannot be asleep at the wheel with the North Korean missile flights over their territory,” he said.