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Free trade or fortress Europe? The battle for the soul of the EU economy

European leaders meet to address the bloc’s economic woes, reliance on China and US, and shielding key industries from protectionist policies

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European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen addresses a debate on the urgent action required to boost EU competitiveness, deepen the single market and reduce the cost of living, at the European Parliament in Strasbourg, France, on Wednesday. Photo: AFP
Finbarr Berminghamin Brussels
A 16th-century Flemish castle is the setting on Thursday as European leaders try to resolve a set of economic tensions haunting Europe that are almost as old: the pull between free trade and protection, integration and sovereignty.
On the agenda are prickly items such as how to kick-start the EU economy, whether to issue joint debt and how far to go with “buy Europe” provisions aimed at unpicking reliance on China and the United States.

Seven years after European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen first proclaimed a “geopolitical Europe”, the meeting will be a crucial test of how far the bloc is willing to stray from its free-market chops following a year in which at times, it seemed to be the only one still bothered with the rules.

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“We are changing our economic DNA. For decades we built our growth on open trade and global value chains,” said Dragoș Tudorache, diplomatic adviser to EU industry chief Stephane Sejourne.

“Today we have to step in much more, not just to facilitate and accelerate, but also to protect our industry from behaviours that erode our industrial base,” Tudorache told an event in Brussels last week.

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The situation could scarcely be more pressing, with Europe scrambling to avoid being squeezed between the world’s two superpowers.

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