‘Father of the Taliban’ calls on China to aid Afghan peace talks
Maulana Samiul Haq says China would be welcomed as an arbitrator in negotiations and shouldn’t ‘leave matters of such a great importance solely to the US’
A Pakistani Islamic cleric who taught the Taliban’s leaders has called on China to play a larger role in negotiations to end the 17-year Afghan conflict.
Beijing’s stake in regional peace was larger than America’s, Maulana Samiul Haq, the “Father of the Taliban”, said in an interview at his seminary near the northwestern city of Peshawar.
The 82-year-old Haq, who is believed to be in close contact with the Afghan Taliban and schooled its present chief, Haibatullah Akhundzada, said China would be welcomed as an arbitrator in negotiations and should not “leave matters of such a great importance solely to the US”.
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China has long been concerned about Afghanistan’s instability spilling across its border. The East Turkestan Islamic Movement, a separatist militant group formed by members of China’s Muslim Uygur community, has in the past operated in both Afghanistan and Pakistan. Now Beijing is allegedly cracking down on ethnic Uygurs in its vast Xinjiang province that borders both nations.
As US President Donald Trump tentatively renews direct talks with the Taliban in a bid to end America’s longest war, Haq said peace negotiations could succeed if Washington announced a troop withdrawal date.
His comments illustrate the conflict’s complexity and influence wielded by Pakistani actors. Although Islamabad has acted against militants that threaten Pakistan domestically, the US accuses the country of supporting insurgents who strike inside Afghanistan.
“The US should welcome a greater role by China in the Afghan peace process,” said Joshua White, a former director for South Asian affairs at the US National Security Council and now non-resident fellow at the Brookings Institution.
“Perhaps the most useful thing that China can do is to encourage better ties between Pakistan and Afghanistan, which would contribute to the stability of the Afghan government and bolster its negotiating position.”
Troop withdrawal
China’s government last month denied reports it had quietly increased its security presence in the country and built a military base in Afghanistan. However, it has increased economic aid and investment in the war-torn nation in recent years, including rail links.
Peace talks can be fruitful only when the US [has] a clear agenda for withdrawing its troops
“As long as there is an opportunity, China will promote peace talks in a private way,” said Shi Yinhong, a foreign affairs adviser to China’s State Council and professor at Renmin University. “Some people wish China could provide more resources or even to send military forces, but this is not appropriate.”
The Taliban, like Haq, see the Afghan government as illegitimate and demand a withdrawal of foreign soldiers as a precursor to peace. When Trump last year increased troop numbers he purposefully declined to set a timeline that would allow the insurgent group, that controls or contests about half the country, to wait out the US.
“These peace talks can be fruitful only when the US comes up with a clear agenda for withdrawing its troops from Afghanistan,” said Haq, a turbaned preacher whose Darul Uloom Haqqania madrassa is known as the “University of Jihad” and houses 4,000 students in three-hectare (eight-acre) compound in the small town of Akora Khattak. It still has more than 200 Afghan “Taliban”, a Pashto word for “students”, all of whom are registered with Islamabad as refugees.
It was the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 that first saw young Afghan and Pakistani students from Haq’s seminary cross the border to fight. The Mujaheddin were at the time aided and supplied by the US Central Intelligence Agency as part of a cold war effort to defeat the Soviets.
Closed doors
After the September 11 attacks, many madrassas in Pakistan allegedly supplied young militants to fight the US and allied forces in Afghanistan. Among the 30,000 books in the huge library of Haq’s seminary are works penned by Abdullah Yusuf Azzam, a co-founder of al-Qaeda with Osama bin Laden.
I don’t approve of a relationship that leads us to slavery
Haq warned the US against keeping peace talks behind closed doors, which might mislead the Taliban’s rank-and-file into thinking their mediators were making questionable compromises while they fought on the battlefield.
Haq also offered to help with the negotiations. However, he said Pakistani Prime Minister Imran Khan, whose party has been criticised for spending development funds on the cleric’s madrassa, had not yet asked him for help.
Khan has many times stated that the best way to end the Afghan war is via a settlement with the insurgent group and denies accusations that he supports extremism.
While asking China to get more involved in the conflict, Haq urged Pakistan’s premier to treat Beijing with caution as he looks for outside help in dealing with a worsening financial crisis.
Critics of the China’s “Belt and Road Initiative” claim that many developing countries, including Pakistan, are being ensnared in debt diplomacy with billions of dollars of loans they will struggle to repay.
“I don’t approve of a relationship that leads us to slavery,” Haq said. “Given their handling of Muslims at home, the Chinese will behave like the British East India Company once they dig their feet deeper in Pakistan,” he said, referring to the colonial-era trading company that led to the British occupation of the Indian subcontinent.
