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Defence
ChinaMilitary

Will Japan’s new arms export rules spark a high-end defence boom?

Updated regulations give Tokyo greater scope to sell lethal weapons overseas, prompting rebuke from China, but the industry still faces hurdles

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A Japanese tank is displayed at a defence equipment fair in Chiba, Japan in 2019. Analysts expect the loosening of Japan’s arms export policy to drive growth in its defence industry. Photo: Kyodo via Reuters
Seong Hyeon Choi
Japan has overhauled its overseas arms transfer regulations, a move analysts said paves the way for the country to export high-end weapons and defence platforms, including sixth-generation fighter jets.

On April 21, Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi announced that her cabinet had amended the Three Principles on Transfer of Defence Equipment and Technology and the accompanying implementation guidelines that had constituted Japan’s framework for controlling military hardware and technology exports since 2014.

Takaichi said the amendment included abolishing restrictions limiting the overseas transfer of Japanese-made military equipment to non-lethal systems under five categories, allowing Tokyo to export all types of platforms, including lethal weapons.
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“In an increasingly severe security environment, no single country can now protect its own peace and security alone, and partner countries that support each other in terms of defence equipment are necessary,” Takaichi said on social media the same day.

The decision marks a departure from Japan’s decades-long commitment to prohibiting lethal weapons sales abroad under its post-war pacifist constitution.
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Despite its technological prowess, the country has accounted for a trivial share of global arms exports, while neighbours such as China and South Korea are among the top 10 global weapons exporters, according to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute.

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