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Chao Kong

Challenging six decades of convention, Chinese scientists have proposed a new composite material manufacturing method that could improve the strength and reliability of structures used in drones, aircraft and spacecraft.
By introducing an advance in the so-called balanced lay-up approach – a method of stacking fibre layers symmetrically and in opposing angles to minimise internal stresses – the research team reported strength gains of up to 26 per cent.
It also led to a 13 per cent improvement in joint performance, while reducing curing deformation during the manufacturing process that could result in defects.
The advance could broaden design flexibility across aerospace applications, as lower curing deformation means fewer distortions during production, according to a statement on March 9 from the Institute of Mechanics at the Chinese Academy of Sciences.


Greater design flexibility would be especially beneficial for high-precision components such as fuselages, wings and load-bearing panels, it added.
Led by Qiu Cheng, the research team developed a new design that allows engineers to vary thickness in response to load distribution.
This enables composite structures to be processed more like metals, including machining and shaping with greater freedom than traditionally possible.
Such performance gains could have direct implications for next-generation fighter jets, uncrewed aerial vehicles and spacecraft for which weight reduction and structural resilience are critical.
According to the team, improved joint strength in particular addresses a long-standing weakness in composite materials, potentially improving durability under complex stress conditions.
At the core of the advance is a shift away from the conventional lay-up paradigm that has guided composite material design for roughly 60 years.
Historically, engineers have relied on a limited set of fibre orientations – typically 0, 45, 90 and minus 45 degrees – based largely on accumulated engineering experience rather than a fully developed theoretical framework.
While effective, this approach constrains optimisation and limits the ability to tailor materials to complex loading environments.




The new balanced lay-up methodology, by contrast, is derived from fundamental mechanical principles and introduces a broader family of stacking configurations.
This enables continuous variation in layer orientation and thickness, aligning material distribution more closely with real-world stress patterns.
According to the researchers, the field has long lacked a comprehensive theoretical system, leaving room for optimisation.
Their approach, they said, offered a pathway beyond experience-driven design towards a more systematic and predictive framework.
Amid the promising results, the technology remains at an early research stage.
Further work is needed to validate performance across multiple domains, including thermal, electrical and optical properties, as well as long-term durability and cost-effectiveness in industrial settings.
The researchers were now seeking collaboration with industry partners to accelerate testing and potential commercialisation.
Looking ahead, the team suggested that such materials could support emerging sectors such as low-altitude aviation and green manufacturing where lightweight, high-strength structures were increasingly in demand.


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China

Next-generation fighter jets and spacecraft stand to see performance gains from weight reduction and structural resilience


Next-generation fighter jets and spacecraft stand to see performance gains from weight reduction and structural resilience.


Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

Could China’s metal-like composite make drones, planes and rockets 26% stronger?

.css-1c6uqr6{color:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-size:inherit;font-family:inherit;line-height:inherit;overflow-wrap:break-word;}Next-generation fighter jets and spacecraft stand to see performance gains from weight reduction and structural resilience

Next-generation fighter jets and spacecraft stand to see performance gains from weight reduction and structural resilience