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Tiananmen Square crackdown
Hong KongPolitics

How Hong Kong activists helped fund Chinese dissidents caught in Tiananmen Square crackdown

  • Hong Kong Federation of Students raised money for those in jail, helped others start businesses and funded Operation Yellow Bird, which smuggled about 150 dissidents out of China
  • Among those who received help was dissident Liu Xiaobo, who was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2010 and died in custody seven years later

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The Tiananmen Square crackdown is remembered annually in Hong Kong by a candlelight vigil in Victoria Park. Photo: Robert Ng
Gary Cheung

For several years after the June 4, 1989 military crackdown crushed student-led protests at Beijing’s Tiananmen Square, a group of Hong Kong supporters supplied more than HK$11 million to Chinese dissidents and pro-democracy activists.

They gave to those in jail or exiled, helped dissidents start businesses to finance pro-democracy activities in mainland China, while a big chunk went towards the secret Operation Yellow Bird, which smuggled about 150 dissidents out of China.

The Hong Kong Federation of Students paid for all this from a kitty of about HK$12 million raised in 1989 from Hongkongers who supported the pro-democracy protests in Beijing. Among those who received help was dissident Liu Xiaobo, who was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2010 and died in custody seven years later.

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Cheung Man-kwong (third left), Albert Ho (second right) and Lee Cheuk-yan (far right) call for the release of Liu Xiaobo in July 2017. Liu died little more than a week later. Photo: David Wong
Cheung Man-kwong (third left), Albert Ho (second right) and Lee Cheuk-yan (far right) call for the release of Liu Xiaobo in July 2017. Liu died little more than a week later. Photo: David Wong

Richard Tsoi Yiu-cheong, former chairman of the federation’s Foundation for China’s Democracy, has kept a detailed record of the sums handed out in secret over the years.

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In 1997, when Britain handed Hong Kong back to China, he took the records to Canada and left them there for safekeeping until 2011.

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